Indirect Exporters are defined as firms exporting through a trade intermediary. Despite numerous recent appearances in theoretical work, empirical evidence comparing these firms to uniquely domestic firms and Direct Exporters does not exist. I show that in Eastern Europe these firms do, as predicted by the theoretical literature, lie between domestic firms and Direct Exporters for a range of pe...

This paper investigates the interaction between exporting and productivity at firm level , using a panel of firms in UK chemical industry which is highly technology intensive and the largest UK manufacturing exporter. We find exporters are on average smaller but more productive than non-exporters. Applying empirical techniques from Bernard and Jensen(2001) and Kraay(1999), we find the superior ...

This paper quantifies the aggregate impact of various subsidies enjoyed by China's exporting firms in the electronics and communications equipment manufacturing sectors, which nearly makes up the majority of China's exports. Using firm level data from China’s National Bureau of Statistics for 2007, the peak year for China’s trade surplus, we find that although within some narrowly defined indus...

Maintaining optimal intracellular zinc (Zn) concentration is crucial for critical cellular functions. Depleted Zn has been associated with prostate cancer (PCa) progression. Solute carrier family 30 (SLC30A) proteins maintain cytoplasmic Zn balance by exporting Zn out to the extracellular space or by sequestering cytoplasmic Zn into intracellular compartments. In this study, we determined the i...

The percentage of exporters and multinational enterprises (MNEs) varies substantially across industries. We extend the firm heterogeneity model presented in Helpman et al. (2004) to derive testable predictions about the prevalence of these internationalized modes. The model indicates that intra-industry firm heterogeneity and R&D intensity play large roles in the inter-industry variation of the...

the aim of this research is to develop a model of antecedents and consequences of iran exemplary exporters’ competitive intelligence (ci) in order to identify their strengths and weaknesses. for this purpose we discuss position and growth strategies of exporters, effective use of ci, export competitiveness enhancement and sustainable export development. based on conceptual model, knowledge mana...

This paper attempts to examine the impact of major variables affecting export performance of leather goods from Pakistan using primary data source. The exporters from Punjab province were taken as the sampling frame as they share almost 90 percent of total leather exports from Pakistan. In Punjab, leather production and export facilities are primarily located in district Sialkot and Kasur. A re...