introduction: over the past hundred years, human activity has significantly altered the atmosphere and increase of concentration of greenhouse gases lead to warm the earth's surface. this global warming leads to change of climatic extreme index and increases the intensity and frequency of occurrence of extreme climate events. investigation of extreme values for planning and policy for the agric...

climate is a multivariate system. every change in every climate variable could result in different changes in climate. recently, experts have paid extensive attention to frequency distribution sequence of climate elements. accordingly, many different indices have been defined. precipitation extremes can exhibit the phase space of climate system. a technique that can be used to analyze climate p...

22 23 Trends in extreme temperature and precipitation in two regional climate model 24 simulations forced by two global climate models are compared with observed trends over 25 the western United States. The observed temperature extremes show substantial and 26 statistically significant trends across the western United States during the late 20th 27 century, with consistent results among indivi...

Long-term estimation of extreme wave height remains a key challenge because of the short duration of available wave data, and also because of the possible impact of climate variability on ocean waves. Here, we analyse storm-based statistics to obtain estimates of extreme wave height at locations in the northeast Atlantic and North Sea using the NORA10 wave hindcast (1958-2011), and use a 5 year...

Based on the daily precipitation data from 53 meteorological stations, 11 extreme precipitation indices were selected, categorized and calculated; the temporal and spatial patterns in these indices and their teleconnections with the large-scale circulations were analyzed by the non-parametric Mann-Kendall test; and Sen’s slope estimator and linear regression for the period of 1960–2014 were cal...

The relationship between winter climate extremes across the northeasternUnited States and adjacent parts of Canada and some important modes of climate variability are examined to determine how these circulation patterns are related to extreme events. Linear correlations between 15 extreme climate indices related to winter daily precipitation, maximum and minimum temperature, and three dominant ...