Blood samples, fecal samples, and cloacal swabs were collected from 42 bog turtles (Clemmys muhlenbergii). including 14 wild males, 22 wild females, three captive males, and three captive females, in Virginia and North Carolina, USA. Samples were analyzed for hematologic and plasma chemistry values, Mycoplasma sp. antibodies, intestinal parasites, and normal cloacal flora.

To better define a minimal but optimal dose of oral neomycin to suppress ammonia production by bowel flora, several dosage regimens were examined in normal healthy volunteers. Fecal urease activity was quantitatively determined and was used as an indirect measure of intrinsic ammonia production by bowel flora. Large doses of neomycin were found to exert inhibition of fecal urease for many days....

Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a technique used to restore the normal body flora to the gut in cases of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). It involves instillation of the stool of a healthy donor through a nasogastric tube or colonoscopy into the gastrointestinal tract of the patient. More research is needed to determine the parameters of FMT use in patients with cancer.

We studied the interactions between the entire cecal flora of hamsters and the pathogens Clostridium difficile and Escherichia coli in gnotobiotic mice and in a continuous-flow (CF) culture system in which the growth medium consisted of an extract of fecal pellets from germfree mice. CF cultures and germfree mice were colonized first with C. difficile and E. coli and then with the cecal flora o...

enterococci are gram positive and catalase- negative cocci that are found in the gastrointestinal tract of mammals and birds, and are readily isolated from soil, surface and waters. the aim of this study was to discriminate between enterococcus isolates based on repetitive element sequence based –pcr (rep-pcr) with the boxa2r primer and their antibiotics profile. enterococci isolates were obtai...

21-Dehydroxylation, a feature of metabolism of corticoids in humans, was observed in mixed cultures of fecal flora of normal individuals on a Western diet. The model substrate, 11-deoxycorticosterone (DOC), was metabolized to 3alpha-21-dihydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one (THDOC), 3alpha-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan20-one (pregnanolone), and to two unidentified structures, metabolites X and Y. DOC was not m...

Effects of corn fiber residue (5 g/day for 10 days) on fecal weight, moisture, pH, fecal flora, ammonia content, and on the activities of beta-glucuronidase and beta-glucosidase were investigated in six healthy subjects. Corn fiber residue was remnant of hemicellulose extraction from corn fiber by calcium hydroxide. Fecal weight showed a tendency to increase, and fecal pH did not change during ...

The human gastrointestinal tract contains a large, complex, mostly unknown microbial population. Over 90% of the microorganisms known to be present by 16S rRNA sequencing cannot be cultured. Fecal cultures primarily reflect cultivable microbes predominantly in the descending colon and rectum. They do not accurately reflect the microbial populations in the cecum and distal small bowel. The norma...