the contemporary arab poets live in a very inconsistent conditions and the effects of these conditions can be found in their personality and poems. as the results of important political events, some contradictions such as differences between urban and rural life, individual and social trends, or the contrast of wisdom and sense arose and intensified. badr al-shakir al-siab (1926-1964), one of t...

The bondage number of a graph G is the minimum number of edges whose removal results in a graph with larger domination number.A dominating setD is called an efficient dominating set ofG if |N−[v]∩D|=1 for every vertex v ∈ V (G). In this paper we establish a tight lower bound for the bondage number of a vertex-transitive graph. We also obtain upper bounds for regular graphs by investigating the ...

To investigate unobtrusively how individuals experience sexual bondage, we analyzed all messages about sexual bondage (N = 514) mailed to an international computerized discussion group on sexual bondage in 1990. The most frequent individual experience reported (n = 60) was playful use of bondage to explore new areas of sexual pleasure. Other frequent experiences were the exchange of power, inte...

The paired bondage number (total restrained bondage number, independent bondage number, k-rainbow bondage number) of a graph G, is the minimum number of edges whose removal from G results in a graph with larger paired domination number (respectively, total restrained domination number, independent domination number, k-rainbow domination number). In this paper we show that the decision problems ...

In this paper, bondage and non-bondage set of a fuzzy graph are discussed. The bondage number b(G) and non-bondage number bn(G) of a fuzzy graph G are defined. The upper bound for both b(G) and bn(G) are given. Also some results on b(G) and bn(G) are discussed. The exact values of b(G) and bn(G) are determined for several classes of fuzzy graphs. AMS Subject Classification: 03E72, 05C40, 05C72

In republican political philosophy, citizenship is a status that constituted by one’s participation in the public life of polity. its traditional formulation, an exclusionary and hierarchical way defining polity’s membership, because domain activity qualifies as participating highly restricted. I argue Black American abolitionist Frederick Douglass advances radically inclusive conception articu...

The domination number of a graph G is the smallest number of vertices which dominate all remaining vertices by edges of G. The bondage number of a nonempty graphG is the smallest number of edges whose removal fromG results in a graph with domination number greater than the domination number of G. The concept of the bondage number was formally introduced by Fink et al. in 1990. Since then, this ...

The bondage number of a graph G is the cardinality of a smallest set of edges whose removal results in a graph with domination number larger than that of G. The bondage number measures to some extent the robustness of a network with respect to link failure. This note mainly considers some conjectures on the bondage number of a planar graph, and shows limitations of known methods and presents so...