Amine fungicides are widely used as crop protectants. Their success is believed to be related to their ability to inhibit postlanosterol sterol biosynthesis in fungi, in particular sterol-Δ(8),Δ(7)-isomerases and sterol-Δ(14)-reductases, with a concomitant accumulation of toxic abnormal sterols. However, their actual cellular effects and mechanisms of death induction are still poorly understood...

Robust regression tools are commonly used to develop regression-type ratio estimators with traditional measures of location whenever data contaminated outliers. Recently, the researchers extended this idea and developed through robust minimum covariance determinant (MCD) estimation. In study, quantile MCD-based is utilized a class mean proposed. The squared errors (MSEs) proposed also obtained....

Fuzzification of support vector machine has been utilized to deal with outlier and noise problem. This importance is achieved, by the means of fuzzy membership function, which is generally built based on the distance of the points to the class centroid. The focus of this research is twofold. Firstly, by taking the advantage of robust statistics in the fuzzy SVM, more emphasis on reducing the im...

The purpose of this paper is to identify the effective points on the performance of one of the important algorithm of data mining namely support vector machine. The final classification decision has been made based on the small portion of data called support vectors. So, existence of the atypical observations in the aforementioned points, will result in deviation from the correct decision. Thus...

In mixture experiments, estimation of the parameters is generally based on ordinary least squares (OLS). However, in the presence of multicollinearity and outliers, OLS can result in very poor estimates. In this case, effects due to the combined outlier-multicollinearity problem can be reduced to certain extent by using alternative approaches. One of these approaches is to use biased-robust reg...

The aim of detecting outliers in a multivariate sample can be pursued in di erent ways We investigate here the performance of several simultaneous multivariate outlier identi cation rules based on robust estimators of location and scale It has been shown that the use of estimators with high nite sample breakdown point in such procedures yields a good behaviour with respect to the prevention of ...

In this review article, we show that occurrence of fungicide resistance is one of the most important issues in modern agriculture. Fungicide resistance may be due to mutations of genes encoding fungicide targets (qualitative fungicide resistance) or to different mechanisms that are induced by sub-lethal fungicide stress. These mechanisms result in different and varying levels of resistance (qua...

PURPOSE To compare the intrasession variability of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT)-derived local macular thickness measures and explore influencing factors. METHODS One hundred two glaucomatous eyes (102 patients) and 21 healthy eyes (21 subjects) with three good quality macular images during the same session were enrolled. Thickness measurements were calculated for 3° s...

Fungicide resistance in dollar spot caused by Sclerotinia homoeocarpa is a common problem on golf courses in North America (Figure 1) (2), and managing fungicide resistance is a complex and controversial topic (1,4). With dollar spot, the question of whether to use the same fungicide until resistance develops or to rotate different chemistries and tank mixtures has not been defi nitively answer...