The field of pulmonary gas exchange is mature, with the basic principles developed more than 60 years ago. Arterial blood gas measurements (tensions and concentrations of O₂ and CO₂) constitute a mainstay of clinical care to assess the degree of pulmonary gas exchange abnormality. However, the factors that dictate arterial blood gas values are often multifactorial and complex, with six differen...

the objective of this work was to develop a new design of an intake manifold through a 1d simulation. it is quite familiar that a duly designed intake manifold is essential for the optimal performance of an internal combustion engine. air flow inside the intake manifold is one of the important factors, which governs the engine performance and emissions. hence the flow phenomenon inside the inta...

the effects of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (pgpr) on growth and physiological characteristics of seedlings corylus avellana were determined in a forest nursery. for this purpose, in a completely randomized design (crd) and four replicates, three putative bacteria, including pseudomonas putida, bacillus subtilis and enterobacter cloacae, as alone and mixed, were examined. the greatest h...

the objective of this work was to study the responses of two baby lettuce (lactuca sativa l.) cultivars, namely, green paris island and red sanguine, to different nacl concentrations (0, 5, 10, and 20 mm). the study was conducted in a floating system and plants were harvested at the stage of 5-6 leaves, outside leaf 6-10 cm in length (25 and 31 days after sowing for green and red lettuce, respe...

investigating the role of drought stress conditions on physiological characteristics of plant may provide means to understand basic drought resistance. differences in leaf emergence rate, leaf relative water content (rwc), membrane stability index (msi), leaf mass area (lma), net photosynthesis (anet), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration rate (e), intercellular co2 concentration (ci), ...

many phragmites-dominated wetlands have been markedly salinized and alkalinized in the songnen plain, northeastern china. agricultural wastewater with high nitrogen content has been discharged into these alkalinized-salinized wetlands. to understand the effect of salinity-alkalinity on reed (phragmites australis) seedlings at various nitrogen levels, we examined photosynthesis rate, chlorophyll...

The mechanisms governing pulmonary gas exchange were heavily debated at the start of the 20th century when Christian Bohr provided measurements of lung and blood gases as well as rational arguments in favour of oxygen being secreted actively from the lung gas to the blood within vertebrate lungs. The concept of active transport was studied by August Krogh in his doctoral dissertation on the par...