The functional role of the GGN repeat in the human androgen receptor gene is unknown, although mutations in this region have been found in patients with inter-sex conditions. We have investigated the prevalence of GGN mutations in the androgen receptor in the Swedish population and their relation to male reproductive function. A physical examination and semen analysis was carried out in 223 men...

The aim of this study was to examine whether CAG/GGN repeats are significant modulators of serum concentrations of total and free testosterone (T) as well as of luteinizing hormone (LH) in elderly men. Sixty-nine 60- to 80-year-old men with subnormal T levels (< or = 11.0 nmol L(-1)) and 104 men with normal T levels taking part in a nested case-control study were used for these analyses. Sex ho...

Autism is a highly heritable disorder but the specific genes involved remain largely unknown. The higher prevalence of autism in men than in women, in conjunction with a number of other observations, has led to the suggestion that prenatal brain exposure to androgens may be of importance for the development of this condition. Prompted by this hypothesis, we investigated the potential influence ...

There is ample documentation supporting the fact that androgens are required for normal spermatogenesis. A minority of infertile men have abnormal testosterone blood levels or mild androgen receptor mutations. We investigated the androgen receptor CAG and GGN repeat lengths in Chilean men with spermatogenic impairment. We studied 117 secretory azoospermic/oligozoospermic men (93 idiopathic and ...

mutations of the androgen receptor (ar) gene give rise to a wide array of phenotypic abnormalities. various mutations of the ar gene and expanded polyglutamine repeats (cag) at exon 1 of the gene have been reported in patients with infertility and neurodegenerative diseases. however, the role of the ar gene trinucleotides repeats has not been systemically studied in those with hypospadias or ge...

The risk of testicular cancer (TC) is markedly increased in subjects with androgen insensitivity, and previous studies have proposed that GGN and CAG repeats in androgen receptors (AR) could be related to the risk of TC. To evaluate the association between the length of GGN and CAG repeats in AR and TC, a meta-analysis involving 3255 TC cases and 2804 controls was performed. The results suggest...

The androgen receptor (AR) is involved in the differentiation and growth of many cancers. We hypothesized that two microsatellite polymorphic variants, AR (CAG)n and (GGN)n repeats, were also associated with the development of Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and Osteosarcoma. In current study, we conducted two case-control studies in a Chinese population to investigate the possible relationship ...

OBJECTIVE Present study was designed for carrying out the mutational analysis of the entire Androgen receptor (AR) gene including two microsatellite (CAG)n, (GGN)n, promoter region in cases of premature ovarian failure (POF) and primary amenorrhea (PA). DESIGN Previous reports of AR knockout mice model showed POF phenotype, this draws an attention on the role of AR gene in the aetiology of PO...

Chromosome abnormalities, Y-chromosome microdeletions, and androgen receptor gene CAG and GGN repeat polymorphisms in infertile Chinese men featuring severe oligospermia and azoospermia were analyzed. Ninety-six fertile men and 189 non-obstructive infertile men, including 125 patients with azoospermia and 64 with severe oligozoospermia, were studied. Seventeen infertile men (9.0%) carried a chr...

INTRODUCTION Long-term adverse symptoms of men who used oral finasteride against androgenic alopecia have been recently described as post-finasteride syndrome (PFS). AIM To determine whether (CAG)n-rs4045402 and (GGN)n-rs3138869 polymorphisms in the androgen receptor (AR) gene are implicated in PFS. METHODS AR polymorphisms were studied according to PFS symptoms in 66 white participants (31...