The androgen receptor (AR) gene contains a polymorphic GGN microsatellite in exon 1, which encodes polyglycine in the amino terminus of the AR. Previous work has shown that a polymorphic region of CAG repeats also in exon 1 is inversely related to the ability of the AR to transactivate other genes and to prostate cancer risk. We investigated whether AR gene GGN repeat length is related to prost...

BACKGROUND To determine whether androgen receptor (AR) CAG (polyglutamine) and GGN (polyglycine) polymorphisms influence bone mineral density (BMD), osteocalcin and free serum testosterone concentration in young men. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Whole body, lumbar spine and femoral bone mineral content (BMC) and BMD, Dual X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA), AR repeat polymorphisms (PCR), osteocalci...

background: androgens play critical role in secondary sexual and male gonads differentiations such as spermatogenesis, via androgen receptor. the human androgen receptor (ar) encoding gene contains two regions with three nucleotide polymorphic repeats (cag and ggn) in the first exon. unlike the cag repeats, the ggn has been less studied because of technical difficulties, so the functional role ...

Aim: The Androgen Receptor (AR) is a ligand-dependent transcriptional activator and the AR gene contains a highly polymorphic trinucleotide repeat CAG and GGN in the first exon. Given the lack of information AR-CAG and GGN repeat polymorphism and its potential correlation with breast cancer in South Indian women, we conducted a case-control study to observe the effects of CAG & GGN repeat lengt...

Background Androgen receptor (AR) mediates androgen actions such as initiation and promotion of spermatogenesis and growth of accessory sex organs. There are two trinucleotide polymorphisms (CAG and GGN repeats) in exon1 of AR gene that are vary in length in population. The CAG and GGN repeats association with infertility is still unknown and this study is planned to assess the distribution of ...

BACKGROUND Androgens play critical role in secondary sexual and male gonads differentiations such as spermatogenesis, via androgen receptor. The human androgen receptor (AR) encoding gene contains two regions with three nucleotide polymorphic repeats (CAG and GGN) in the first exon. Unlike the CAG repeats, the GGN has been less studied because of technical difficulties, so the functional role o...

OBJECTIVE Although narrative reviews have suggested an association between (CAG)n and (GGN)n polymorphisms in the AR gene and prostate cancer, it has never been quantified systematically. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to provide relative and absolute quantitative summary estimates with sufficient power. METHOD Publications were identified through database searches for epidemiologic st...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) is a reproductive problem that occurs in women in reproductive age with a frequency of 1-3 per cent. Previous studies have reported high levels of serum androgens to be associated with RSAs. At the molecular level, the effect of androgens is mediated through the activation of the androgen receptor (AR). The CAG and GGN repeat polymorp...

The length of the polymorphic CAG trinucleotide repeat in the polyglutamine region of the androgen receptor (AR) gene is inversely correlated with the transactivation function of the AR. Because increased androgenic activity has been linked to prostate cancer and because an ethnic variation exists in the CAG repeat length, this polymorphism has been suggested to explain part of the substantial ...

Recently the dogma that there is an inverse linear association between androgen receptor (AR) CAG and GGN polymorphisms and receptor activity has been challenged. We analysed the pattern of association between 21 male reproductive phenotypes and AR CAG/GGN repeat lengths in 557 proven-fertile men. A linear association was only found between sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI) and CAG length, an...