Climatic warming is expected to particularly alter greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from soils in cold ecosystems such as tundra. We used 1 m(2) open-top chambers (OTCs) during three growing seasons to examine how warming (+0.8-1.2 °C) affects the fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) from alpine tundra soils. Results showed that OTC warming increased soil CO2 effl...

global warming is claimed to be the cause of climate change, which is often held responsible for water shortage.  let geopedology represents the complex process of soil formation, out of which much can be learnt about paleoecology; soil formation being a dynamic interaction between the atmosphere, biosphere, lithosphere, and the hydrosphere. in a multidisciplinary sustainability-oriented study ...

an abrupt global warming event has been recorded in many parts of the world in sediments of latest maastrichtian age between 65.45-65.10 ma. this warm event was documented here at a section near ziyarat-kola in central alborz based on analysis of planktonic foraminifera. an unusual abundance of normally large-size species such as globotruncana arca, globigerinelloides subcarinatus, pseudoguembe...

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transportation is an important part of modern community life as well as one of the largest sources of greenhouse gas emissions in urban communities, the population growth of which can increase transportation capacity. monorail systems are relatively new rail transportation systems which are currently being designed and constructed in different countries. we have applied the intergovernmental pa...

Direct injection of CO2 into the ocean is a potentially effective carbon sequestration strategy. Therefore, we want to understand the effectiveness of oceanic injection and develop the appropriate analytic framework to allow us to compare the effectiveness of this strategy with other carbon management options. Here, after a brief review of direct oceanic injection, we estimate the effectiveness...

since the mid-19 th century, human activities have increased greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide in the earth's atmosphere that resulted in increased average temperature. the effects of rising temperature include soil degradation, loss of productivity of agricultural land, desertification, loss of biodiversity, degradation of ecosystems, reduced fresh-water resou...

To reduce the rate of global warming due to rising CO2 , the potential for sequestering carbon by oceanic phytoplankton has received considerable international attention, which has culminated with a research agenda (Longhurst 1991). The potential for using terrestrial systems as carbon sinks is also under study (Sampson 1992). Although limited work on the use of kelps as a global carbon sink ha...

. introduction the siberian high (sh) is a quasi-stationary and semi-permanent surface high pressure system residing over the eurasian continent during winter with its climatological–mean central pressure exceeding 1030 hpa. this most important atmospheric center of action controls the climate of a wide area of this continent. the sh forms generally in october mainly in response to strong radia...