This paper studies how the real exchange rate changes with economic growth. Although Devereux (1999) proves that endogenous growth in the distribution sector can cause exchange rate depreciation, MacDonald and Rucci (2005) empirically find that growth in the distribution sector significantly causes the exchange rate to appreciate. To resolve the discrepancy, we replace perfect competition with ...

Recently, urbanization has been expanded rapidly in the world and a number of metropolitan areas have been appeared with a population of more than 10 million people. Because of dense population in metropolitan and consequently increasing the delivery of goods and services, there has been a lot of problems including traffic congestion, air pollution, accidents and high energy consumption. This m...

The paper describes a normative approach to budget incidence, given the provision of a public good. The objective is to balance the budget by an income tax such that the budget is distribution-neutral. This property requires that every consumer’s net welfare gain, i.e. the benefit from consuming the public good and the tax burden in financing it, does not change the inequality inherent in the i...

The system of distribution of goods and services, along with other economic developments around the world, is rapidly evolving. In the world of distribution of goods, the main focus is on making distribution operations more effective. Due to the fact that the cross-dock has the advantage of removing intermediaries and reducing the space required for the warehouse, it is worth considering. Among...