This article uses seasonal integration and co integration techniques to test the hypothesis of neutrality of money, using data from the Iranian economy. Seasonal data for the three variables of money supply, output and prices show that (increase in) money supply and the price level are co integrated at zero frequency, but one does not see such a relationship between (increase in) money supply a...

This paper provides a critical review of the demand for money estimation. In doing so, first we explain the main effective factors on the demand for money on the light of monetarists, which those are: transaction demand for money and opportunity cost of holding money. Then I have done a short report about the existing studies on the demand for money in the Iranian economy and have a special att...

nearly 80% of young people today will never be able to retire. why? because they lack the personal finance training that leads to long-term planning and future security. connecting the dots between kids and money management skills prepares them for the financial realities the world will face over the next century. pocket money is one of the first ways for children to learn the basics of managin...

blood money dilution is, inter alia, serious objective and unique quality conducted in four ways. intensifying or dilution of blood money is unique to murder crime differs in terms of time and location of murder in haram months or in mecca. islamic penal law ratified in 2013 has followed jurisprudents’ opinion in some cases of blood money dilution while in the case of execution, judiciary has i...

electronic money that defined as stored-value on an electronic device and at present time is last phase of gradual evolution of money, is described as process of immaterialization and being invisibility of money. it is new phenomenon that in economic view has potential for play the roles of money and its functions. for analysis of legal nature of this phenomenon two approaches can be adopted. f...

it is stipulated in our islamic jurisprudence and law that when a person is killed and he or she has several legal guardians, if some of the guardians pardon, the remaining guardians have the right to retaliate in qiṣāṣ provided that they pay the share of the blood money to those demanding blood money. it is pronounced in the article 264 of islamic penal code that: “if there are several legal g...

In this paper we utilize the main findings from the recent literature to set the economic foundation for the existence of money, its modern interpretation as “memory” (Chokerlakota 1998) and how the Blockchain technology has empowered crypto currencies to perform this role in the information age.  To locate the issue in a historical perspective and in line with this strand of thought, we consid...