the effect of grain size, tailwater depth and grain froude number on local scour caused by submerged horizontal jets issuing below a sluice gate was investigated. noncohesive sediments with two gradations downstream of a horizontal apron were used in the experiments. the experiments were carried out at different inflow froude numbers and a range of tailwater depth from low to high submergence. ...

Experimental studies to investigate the depth of the scour conducted at a side-weir intersection located at the 180 curved flume which located Hydraulic Laboratory of Yıldız Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey. Side weirs were located at the middle of the straight part of the main channel. Three different lengths (25, 40 and 50 cm) and three different weir crest height (7, 10 and 12 cm) of t...

investigation on local scour phenomenon downstream of impinging jets is very complicated. different parameters such as geometry of stream, characteristics of flow and sediments have great influences on the scour phenomenon. the present study is preceded to numerical modeling of scouring by impinging jet via ssiim 2 model founded on a physical model tests. the numerical model is calibrated for r...

The nests of some mound-building ants are thought to serve an important function as passive solar collectors. To test this hypothesis, imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta Buren, S. richteri Forel, and their hybrid) mound shape characteristics (south facing slope angle and area, mound height, and basal elongation in the plane of the ground) were quantified in 2005 and 2006 at a number of locat...

Probabilistic and deterministic analyses are implemented for the armor units of rubble foundation mound composite breakwaters which is needed to protect upright section against scour mounds. By a little modification incorporation previous empirical formulas that has commonly been applied design mound, new type formula stability number suggested capable taking into account slopes mounds, damage ...

Turbulences in liquids caused by jets can be of interest for numerous applications. For one, it concerns flood spillway structures within civil engineering but also is key in any area where turbulent mixing is present. The numerical simulations of jets that impinge into plunge pools are still in an early phase of their development. This paper verifies the accuracy of the Flow-3D software packag...

We characterized pit and mound (PM) topography resulting from catastrophic wind in the Coweeta Basin, and located 48 PMs a across a variety of forest types. Our measurements included pit length, width, and depth; and mound height, thickness, and width. Species of fallen trees were identified, and DBH (diameter at breast height, 1.37 m) was measured for biomass determination. We identified five ...

Introduction: While there is a broad consensus that the central mound in Gale crater is sedimentary in origin, there remains stark disagreement about the nature of the medium that transported and deposited those sediments, particularly if the dominant agent was wind or water. Results from the Curiosity rover indicate evidence for fluvial deposition of sediments on the crater floor [1-3]. But ho...