Many risk, inequality, poverty and concentration measures are extremely sensitive to outliers, dependence, heterogeneity and heavy tails. In this paper we focus on robust measurement of risk, inequality, poverty and concentration under heterogeneity, dependence and heavy-tailedness of largely unknown form using the recent results on t−statistic based heterogeneity and correlation robust inferen...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The efficiency and function of the pharmaceutical sector, as a vital portion of the health system, have a significant effect on intermediate and final indices of health. In this research, the structure of the pharmaceutical market in Iran was examined through the calculation of concentration indices in 2011. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, the needed data was g...

Hirschman and Widder introduced a class of Pólya frequency functions given by linear combinations one-sided exponential functions. The members this are probability densities, the is closed under convolution but not pointwise multiplication. We show that, generically, polynomial function such density only if homothety, also identify subclass for which each positive-integer power function. furthe...

In most markets, buyers differ in their ability or willingness to switch supplier. This note proposes a novel industry concentration measure that takes this heterogeneity into account. The index increases the share of captive sales, coincides with Hirschman–Herfindahl Index when none are captive, and ”pure monopoly” value 1 all captive.

This paper analyzes post-socialist industrial development and policy in the Western Balkans through lens of its regional specialization spatial concentration. Against a conceptual framework revolving around place-based policy, using Concentration index (modified Herfindahl-Hirschman index) location coefficients (Balassa index), comparative analysis over three decades (1990–2020) highlights weak...

Abstract Over several decades, the Vietnamese government has increasingly cut its investment in public higher education system and also introduced a cost-sharing mechanism. Under this scheme, universities have been seeking other sources of revenue. Despite bold emphasis on need for revenue diversification Vietnam, there is little empirical evidence status quo finance. The purpose paper was to f...