finding a minimum allowable radius length of a circle horizontal curve is essential to reduce earthwork cost or damage to the forest ecosystem, as well as make driving more comfortable. the present study is conducted i) to analyze different radius lengths of circle horizontal curves using an integrated approach consists of a civil3d in concert with the field surveys, and ii) to propose a set of...

This study investigated the vault settlement characteristics of an unsymmetrically loaded tunnel which was excavated by annular excavation via core rock support method. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to design the experiments, evaluate the results with the purpose of optimizing the value of design parameters for reducing the vault settlement. The parameters such as horizontal d...

We analyze differences between two information-theoretically motivated ap­ proaches to statistical inference and model selection: the Minimum Description Length (MDL) principle, and the Minimum Message Length (MML) principle. Based on this analysis, we present two revised versions of MML: a pointwise estimator which gives the MML-optimal single parameter model, and a volumewise estimator which ...

OBJECTIVE To validate micro-lightguide spectrophotometry (O2C) in patients with lower limb ischemia and to compare results with those obtained from toe blood pressure. METHODS We prospectively examined 59 patients, 24 of whom complained of claudication, 31 had critical ischemia, and four were asymptomatic. Diabetes was present in 19 (32%) patients. Saturation (SO(2)) and flow measured with O2...

The combined effect of vertical shear and horizontal stretching leads to thin, sloping structures in tracer fields, whose vertical length scale is much smaller than their horizontal length scale. These structures are then vulnerable to vertical mixing processes. This effect needs to be taken into account when interpreting the horizontal structure of oceanic (and atmospheric) tracers and may exp...