Tehran, the capital city of Iran and a metropolis with a population of 8.2 million and containing 2.4 million households, generated 2,626,519 tons of solid waste in 2005. The present study is aimed at evaluating the generation, characteristics and management of solid waste in Tehran. Municipal solid waste comprises more than 97% of Tehran's solid waste, while three other types of solid waste co...

Despite all protective measures, the number of contacts and cumulative contact duration in the frontline screening seem to be the influencing factors. Three out 5 of our first year orthopedic residents showed symptoms of the disease 2-3 weeks after starting their tasks in the COVID-19 floor. Other residents that were only visiting patients in the COVID floor did not become symptomatic which als...

   Dear Editor, Methods that people use to overcome problems are called coping strategies. The concept of coping was first introduced by Lazarus in 1966. He believed that stress involves three stages. First, there is the initial assessment, which is to observe a risk. The second stage involves the evaluation, which is the search for an answer in the mind, and the third stage is to f...

The main work of this project is the characterization of household waste and its equivalent energy recovery of the household waste management in the urban areas. Primary and secondary data were used for the manuscript. In the total amount of the waste 87% is vegetable, 4% grass and wood, 1% plastic, 2% is paper and only 1% metal were found. The moisture content as discarded waste was found 68.0...

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly transmissible and pathogenic coronavirus that emerged in late 2019 and has caused a pandemic of acute respiratory disease, named ‘coronavirus disease 2019’ (COVID-19), which threatens human health and public safety.Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is an anti-malaria drug; its antiviral properties are controversial,and some in vitr...

conclusions considering the weight percentage of food wastes (70%), solid wastes of babolsar city could be used for composting. also as large quantities of infectious wastes were produced by hospitals of babolsar, it is recommended that sterilization systems (hydroclave) be used for decontamination of these hazardous wastes. materials and methods this study was a descriptive and cross-sectional...

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first emerged in Wuhan, China in December 2019, and on March 11, 2020, WHO announced COVID-19 outbreak as a pandemic. Because chloroquine is now one of the mainstay therapies of COVID-19 all over the world, we assumed that it may play a role in preventing COVID-19 in malaria-endemic countries. So, we decided to compare the distribution map of COVID-19 wit...

Background:     The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2, also called COVID-19, first appeared in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. COVID-19 is an enveloped single-stranded RNA virus, which has affected more than 14 million people around the world and caused a high rate of mortality. It is notable that discovering new drugs and vaccines against SARS-CoV2 is time consuming. ...