The Instance-Based Learning Theory (IBLT) suggests Recognition, the ability to discriminate among familiar classes of objects, is the first determinant of decision-making in complex tasks (Gonzalez, Lerch, & Lebiere, Conditionally accepted). According to IBLT, the main object of knowledge is an instance (described by the situation-decision-utility information). This paper investigates the acqui...

A common practice in cognitive modeling is to develop new models specific to each particular task. We question this approach and draw on an existing theory, instance-based learning theory (IBLT), to explain learning behavior in three different choice tasks. The same instance-based learning model generalizes accurately to choices in a repeated binary choice task, in a probability learning task, ...

Behavior in conflict situations can be influenced by the social information that individuals have about their opponents. This paper tests whether an existent Instance-based Learning (IBL) model, built using the Instance-based Learning Theory (IBLT) to explain behavior in a single-person binary-choice task (BCT), can predict behavior in a two-player iterated prisoner’s dilemma (IPD) game. The sa...

Decision heuristics are often described as fast and frugal, taking little time and few computations to make a good decision (Gigerenzer & Todd, 1999). Fast & Frugal Trees (F&FTs) are a type of decision heuristic that are a special case of decision trees in which there is a possible exit out of the decision process at every node in the tree (Luan, Schooler, & Gigerenzer, 2011). We present predic...

This paper presents a case of parsimony and generalization in model comparisons. We submitted two versions of the same cognitive model to the Market Entry Competition (MEC), which involved four-person and two-alternative (enter or stay out) games. Our model was designed according to the Instance-Based Learning Theory (IBLT). The two versions of the model assumed the same cognitive principles of...

We contribute three complementary mechanisms that increase the security, efficiency, and transparency of blockchain systems. We evaluate the use of status report messages that, like canaries in a coal mine, allow peers to detect both malicious miners and eclipse attacks almost immediately. We outline a mechanism, using these reports, that allow blockchain users to quantify the risk of a double-...

The Intergroup Prisoner’s Dilemma with Intragroup Power Dynamics (IPD^2) is a new game paradigm for studying human behavior in conflict situations. IPD^2 adds the concept of intragroup power to an intergroup version of the standard Repeated Prisoner’s Dilemma game. We conducted a laboratory study in which individual human participants played the game against computer strategies of various compl...

Cyber-attacks pose a grave threat to corporations and disrupt their normal functioning. The number of cyber attacks has been ever increasing and due to the loss of priceless information on account of these attacks there is an urgent necessity to check their prevalence. In this regard, the role of a security analyst, a human decision maker whose task is to accurately and timely detect cyber atta...

The Intergroup Prisoner’s Dilemma with Intragroup Power Dynamics (IPD^2) is a new game paradigm for studying human behavior in conflict situations. IPD^2 adds the concept of intragroup power to an intergroup version of the standard Repeated Prisoner’s Dilemma game. We conducted a laboratory study in which individual human participants played the game against computer strategies of various compl...

Interest plays a key role in education and language learning. This study investigated if selecting and using interest-based instructional materials could impact learners' performance in L2 reading. It also examined whether there were meaningful differences between male and female learners' performance, concerning the use of interest-based materials. Sixty first-grade university students partici...