During the 1980s sufficient evidence accumulated to suggest that the use of cocaine and other illegal drugs by pregnant women presented a major public health problem (Frank et al. 1988; Neerhof et al. 1989). Prenatal alcohol and other drug abuse was occurring in all racial and ethnic groups and across all social strata. For example, the results of a study conducted in 1989 in Pinellas County, F...

This study investigates self-reported practices and values of Internet-based cultural consumption in relation to illegal file sharing in Sweden during 2007-2012. It is based on more than 1.000 posts in an Internet discussion forum and focuses on expressed senses of guilt, whether file sharing is right or wrong, buying media, and dimensions of stakeholders and media genres. This note presents wo...

BACKGROUND In 1948 the first National Film Board (NFB) documentary in Canada about illegal drugs, trafficking, and addiction was produced. The documentary is titled Drug Addict, and was directed by Robert Anderson. This paper provides a socio-historical context for the documentary Drug Addict. Viewing the film through the lens of Canadian history gives readers a better context to understand the...

This study examined the implications and causes of illegal refuse dumps in Ilorin South Local Government Area, Kwara State. A descriptive survey method was adopted for the study. The population of the study were all the people in Ilorin South Local Government Area. A sample of 500 respondents was randomly selected from the various wards in the local government area. Questionnaire was the instru...

—Titling of Indigenous common-property lands in eastern Nicaragua is a necessary base for forest management. Titling alone will not be sufficient to assure sustainable practices, and the success of demarcation programmes rests on processes of negotiation leading up to tenure decisions; nevertheless, a review of decades of history in Indigenous territories suggests that key problems in forest re...

Conservation organizations have increasingly raised concerns about escalating rates of illegal hunting and trade in wildlife. Previous studies have concluded that people hunt illegally because they are financially poor or lack alternative livelihood strategies. However, there has been little attempt to develop a richer understanding of the motivations behind contemporary illegal wildlife huntin...

BACKGROUND Limited information about the epidemiology of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is available in hemodialysis patients in Puerto Rico. We assessed the factors associated to the prevalence of antibodies to HCV (anti-HCV) among patients receiving hemodialysis in eight dialysis centers in Puerto Rico. METHODS A systematic sampling design was employed to select a sample of 150 hemodialy...

There is an urgent need to quantify the impacts of artisanal fisheries and define management practices that allow for the recovery and conservation of exploited stocks. The extent of illegal catch is particularly critical as a driver of overexploitation in artisanal fisheries. However, the lack of data at proper spatial scales limits the evaluation of illegal fishing and effectiveness of manage...

BACKGROUND Unsafe practices during illegal plasma donation in the late 1980s and early 1990s spread bloodborne infections in central China. METHODS A cross-sectional survey of a random sample of 538 adult residents of 12 villages in rural Shanxi Province, where there had been an illegal commercial plasma-collection center, was conducted in 2003. Structured questionnaires were administered, an...