UrbanSim is a tool for use by urban planners and others to help predict future patterns of urban development under different possible input scenarios, over periods of twenty or more years. It should support deliberation and debate on such issues as building new transit systems or freeways, or changing zoning or economic incentives, as well as on broader issues such as sustainable, livable citie...

Redevelopment of distressed and blighted areas are targeted by most of development policies.However, a number of policies have been changed as the result of the ineffectiveness of the previous experiences, theincompatibility of the development tools and plans, the lack of financial resources or social movements. Large-scaleredevelopment projects have usually been considered as the powerful tool...

Introduction: The received dose to the surface of tumor bed is one of the main issues in beast intraopeative radiotherapy (IORT). Totally, the administered dose to the surface is usually lower than that of radiotherapy reference point (distal end of tumor bed). Employing a buildup bolus can effectively increase the surface dose and therefore, eliminate such created cold points ...

Masonry infill walls are often used as non-structural elements. According to the past structural failure, ignorance of interaction between infill walls and enclosed frame may lead to the different seismic response for non-ductile building frames. The main contribution of this paper is to analytically investigate the behavior of reinforced concrete with masonry infill panels as participating str...

The concept of redevelopment is accompanied by actions and forecasts to improve the quality of the physical-spatial environment inthe cities, that is by the emergence of new facilities and conditions, improving the spatial environment is achieved. This requirement occurs when the coherence, coordination and the performance of the urban area is diminishing and is not responsive to the requiremen...

Interior brick-infill partitions are usually considered as non-structural components and only their weight is accounted for in practical structural design. In this study, their effect on the progressive collapse resistance of an RC building subjected to sudden column loss is investigated. Three notional column loss conditions with four different brick-infill locations are considered. Column-los...

2 In this paper, we examine the applicability of spatial optimization as a generative modeling technique for sustainable land use allocation. Specifically, we test whether spatial optimization can be used to generate a number of compromise spatial alternatives that are both feasible and different from each other. We present a new spatial multiobjective optimization model, which encourages effic...

During the analysis of reinforced concrete structures, the infill wall is usually simplified as a diagonal inclined strut to facilitate finite element modeling calculations. However, the actual seismic damage and single frame-filled wall pushover experimental results show that when the earthquake shear force is huge, the top of the infill wall and the beam–column connections are usually, thus t...

a new type of infilled frame has been recently proposed. it has a frictional sliding fuse, horizontally installed at the mid-height of the infill. it has already shown that such infilled frames have higher ductility, strength and damping ratio as well as more enhanced hysteresis cycles, compared with regular infilled frames. this experimental paper is focused on the influence of gravitational l...