This paper proposes a new motivation for information sharing in a decentralized channel consisting of a single manufacturer and two competing retailers. The manufacturer provides a common product to the retailers at the same wholesale price. Both retailers add their own values to the product and distribute it to consumers. Factors such as retail prices, values added to the product, and local ad...

Abstract Background Sparse relative effectiveness evidence is a frequent problem in Health Technology Assessment (HTA). Where directly pertaining to the decision sparse, it may be feasible expand evidence-base include studies that relate only indirectly: for instance, when there no on comparator, other treatments of same molecular class could used; similarly, children borrow-strength from adult...

services companies attempt to promote their delivered services to customers and achieve a stable competitive advantage. for achieving this goal, marketing and hr scholars jointly propose application of internal marketing (im) principles and instruments. although im is a 30 years old concept in management, but it's measurement and application method have faced with different structural and ...