To understand mechanisms linking ecosystem processes and microbial diversity in freshwater ecosystems, bacterial productivity and the metacommunity dynamics of species sorting and mass effects were investigated in an 18 ha headwater lake in northern Alaska. On most sampling dates, the phylogenetic composition of bacterial communities in inflowing streams (inlets) was strikingly different than t...

background: desalination plants have an important role in providing community drinking water. the increasing trend of water consumption and decrease of natural resources of fresh water make this role even more important. the aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of inlet and outlet water of desalination plants by reverse osmosis (ro) process in qeshm, iran and also to compare the qualit...

Even though microfluidics has been successfully used in minimizing complicated and onerous processes, the pumping and tubing systems used with it are yet undeveloped and need immediate development. The present study developed a fluttering bar-driven micropump, mounted on a polydimethylsiloxane microfluidic system. The pump consists of a rectangular ferromagnetic bar and a fan-shaped chamber wit...

PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to explore the influence of segmentation of the upstream and downstream parent artery and hemodynamic boundary conditions (BCs) on the evaluated hemodynamic factors for the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of intracranial aneurysms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three dimensional patient-specific aneurysm models were analyzed by applying various combina...

A thermodynamic model of an open combined regenerative Brayton and inverse Brayton cycles with regeneration before the inverse cycle is established in this paper by using thermodynamic optimization theory. The flow processes of the working fluid with the pressure drops and the size constraint of the real power plant are modeled. There are 13 flow resistances encountered by the working fluid str...

Question: Do the morphological differences between wild lake and stream stickleback have a genetic basis? Organisms: Wild-caught and laboratory-reared threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) from Misty Lake, and from its inlet and outlet streams. Methods: A common-garden experiment was used to examine the genetic and environmental components of morphological variation. Morphology was qu...

Based on the idea of fault detection and isolation (FDI) for the distributed parameters system, a practical approach of sub-sea pipelines leak detection and location is discussed. The discrete fluid transient equation is linearized and coupled with the extended Kalman filter (EKF) to estimate system state where the only observed data were inlet and outlet flow rate and pressure. The leak estima...

The intermediate fluid vaporizer (IFV) is a new kind of vaporizer for liquefied natural gas (LNG). A thermal model was established based on the energy balance among the three typical parts of IFV, namely, evaporator, condenser and thermolator, whose mutual coupling and constraints were fully considered. Calculation codes were developed to solve the energy balance equations, in which the formula...

BACKGROUND In literature, the effect of the inflow boundary condition was investigated by examining the impact of the waveform and the shape of the spatial profile of the inlet velocity on the cardiac hemodynamics. However, not much work has been reported on comparing the effect of the different combinations of the inlet/outlet boundary conditions on the quantification of the pressure field and...