Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies suggest that significant changes in gray matter density occur during adolescence because of brain maturation. It has also been reported that gray matter volume correlates with measures of intellectual ability. This study examined whether the relationship between general intellectual ability (IQ) and gray matter morphometry reflects differential involveme...

Medical decisional capacity (DC) refers to the ability to understand, appreciate, and make meaningful decisions about one's health. This is an important construct for children living with HIV whose involvement in their medical care has important implications for disease management. In this study, we assessed the relationship among DC, developmental stage, intellectual ability, and social-emotio...

a long-standing debate among the vocabulary researchers is the depth of processing to learn vocabulary. this paper is a quantitative research which considers a revision in the “involvement load hypothesis” proposed by laufer and hulstijn in 2001. it investigates the role of proficiency and evaluation in this hypothesis in order to better reveal its potential contribution to vocabulary learning....

This study is an in-depth qualitative literature review on the barriers to parental involvement in education of learners with intellectual disabilities. The adopted Paulo Freire’s theory attempt illustrate significant role that parents are supposed play their children findings revealed enhanced disabilities include: low level education, teachers’ negative attitude towards both affected and pare...

hydatid disease is a rare parasitic disease, which mainly involves liver then lung tissues. cardiac involvement is very rare, especially when there is not hepatic involvement. we describe a 47-year-old woman with a history of a lung hydatid cyst who was referred to rajaei heart center, tehran, iran in 2012. her chest computed tomographic scan showed a cardiac mass. echocardiographic examination...

Primary clinical features Retinitis pigmentosa (rod-cone dystrophy) Obesity Polydactyly Hypogonadism Intellectual disability/cognitive impairment Renal abnormalities Secondary clinical features Diabetes mellitus type II Cardiovascular problems Hearing loss Speech deficiency Behavioral problems Craniofacial dysmorphism Short stature Hepatic involvement Eye abnormalities Ataxia Dental and palatal...

The most common criteria used to evaluate successful transition into adulthood for young adults have included obtaining employment and establishing autonomous non-relative social support networks (correlate community involvement). Hence, involvement are critical in the all adults, including those with intellectual disabilities (ID). However, respect ID, construct of Adulthood is multi-faceted m...