Intramembranous bone growth is achieved through bone formation within a periosteum or by bone formation at sutures. Sutures are formed during embryonic development at the sites of approximation of the membranous bones of the craniofacial skeleton. They serve as the major sites of bone expansion during postnatal craniofacial growth. For sutures to function as intramembranous bone growth sites, t...

Bone tissue has a significant potential for healing, which involves a significant the interplay between bone and immune cells. While fracture healing represents a useful model to investigate endochondral bone healing, intramembranous bone healing models are yet to be developed and characterized. In this study, a micro-computed tomography, histomorphometric and molecular (RealTimePCRarray) chara...

Statement of problem: It is not known whether endochondral and intramembranous bones have distinct biological characteristics. Octacalcium Phosphate (OCP), a hydroxyapatite precursor, has been reported to stimulate bone formation after being implanted in parietal bone defects of rats. Purpose: The present study was designed to investigate the response of endochondral and intramembranous bones t...

The primary focus of this article is to review intramembranous bone development, that is, ossification that takes place directly. Comparisons with endochondral ossification (ossification with a cartilage precursor) will be made in order to illustrate the differences between these two modes of ossification and to highlight the comparatively sparse information that is available about intramembran...

Skeletal regeneration is accomplished by a cascade of biologic processes that may include differentiation of pluripotential tissue, endochondral ossification, and bone remodeling. It has been shown that all these processes are influenced strongly by the local tissue mechanical loading history. This article reviews some of the mechanobiologic principles that are thought to guide the differentiat...

The development and growth of the skeleton in the absence of parathyroid-hormone-related protein (PTHrP) is abnormal. The shortening of appendicular bones in PTHrP gene null mice is explained by an effect of PTHrP on endochondral bone growth. Whether or not PTHrP influences intramembranous ossification is less clear. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of exogenous PTHrP on in...

We have investigated the ability of exogenous transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) to induce osteogenesis and chondrogenesis, critical events in both bone formation and fracture healing. Daily injections of TGF-beta 1 or 2 into the subperiosteal region of newborn rat femurs resulted in localized intramembranous bone formation and chondrogenesis. After cessation of the injections, endochon...

The development and growth of the skeleton in the absence of parathyroid-hormone-related protein (PTHrP) is abnormal.  The shortening of appendicular bones in PTHrP gene null mice is explained by an effect of PTHrP on endochondral bone growth.  Whether or not PTHrP influences intramembranous ossification is less clear.  The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of exogenous PTHrP on...

The development and growth of the skeleton in the absence of parathyroid-hormone-related protein (PTHrP) is abnormal. The shortening of appendicular bones in PTHrP gene null mice is explained by an effect of PTHrP on endochondral bone growth. Whether or not PTHrP influences intramembranous ossification is less clear. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of exogenous PTHrP on in...