The Extraordinary Magnetoresistance (EMR) effect is a change in the resistance of a device upon the application of a magnetic field in hybrid structures, consisting of a semiconductor and a metal. The underlying principle of this phenomenon is a change of the current path in the hybrid structure upon application of a magnetic field, due to the Lorentz force. Specifically, the ratio of current, ...

This paper focuses on the business aspects of architecture decision making – in particular how to quantify the customer value of quality improvements to support architecture investment decisions. We developed concepts for quantifying the impact of quality improvements on customer value, customer value-in-use, and customer segments. In two real-life case studies we present (1) how the concept fo...

Using a randomized evaluation in Kenya, we measure health impacts of spring protection, an investment that improves source water quality. We also estimate households' valuation of spring protection and simulate the welfare impacts of alternatives to the current system of common property rights in water, which limits incentives for private investment. Spring infrastructure investments reduce fec...

An important motivation for the implementation of the Water Framework Directive is the creation of non-market environmental benefits, such as improved ecological quality, or greater opportunities for open-access river recreation via microbial pollution remediation. Pollution sources impacting on ecological or recreational water quality may be uncorrelated, but non-market benefits arising from r...

This paper presents the problem of a vendor-buyer integrated production inventory model for two stage supply chain under investment for quality improvement. The buyer faces as a linear demand, which is assumed to be function of its unit selling price. Total profit is the supply chain performance measure and it is computed as the difference between revenue from sales and total cost, where the la...

the field of endocrine pharmacology is very wide but most of studies in the recent years from the world and iran have focused on diabetes, osteoporosis, and lipid disorders. in the present review, we tried to evaluate the improvements and publications in that field briefly. interestingly, many of studies have focused on agents that have traditional and natural origin. although few basic studies...

Business process management (BPM) is becoming the dominant management paradigm. Business process modelling is central to BPM, and the resultant business process model the core artefact guiding subsequent process change. Thus, model quality is at the centre, mediating between the modelling effort and related growing investment in ultimate process improvements. Nonetheless, though research intere...