In the present study, the effects of intracerebroventricular (ICV) injections of histamine, chlorpheniramine (H1-receptor antagonist) and ranitidine (H2-receptor antagonist) were investigated on visceral nociception induced by an intraperitoneal (IP) injection of acetic acid in rats. The latency time to the beginning of the first abdominal wall contraction (the first writhe) was recorded and th...

OBJECTIVE Excitatory amino acids, gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA), serotonin and catecholamines are involved in the control of GH secretion. The actions of these neurotransmitters are interconnected, and recently we showed that the stimulatory effect of GABA was blocked by MK-801, an antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. The present experiments were carried out to analyze the interrelat...

in the present study, the effects of intracerebroventricular (icv) injections of histamine, chlorpheniramine (h1-receptor antagonist) and ranitidine (h2-receptor antagonist) were investigated on visceral nociception induced by an intraperitoneal (ip) injection of acetic acid in rats. the latency time to the beginning of the first abdominal wall contraction (the first writhe) was recorded and th...

background: therapeutic effects of lithium in manic-depressive disorders have been clarified. during the present study, the effects of lithium carbonate have been assessed on apomorphine-induced sniffing in rats. materials and methods: male albino rats were housed in a glass cylinder and food and water were freely available till 60 minutes before the experiment. immediately after apomorphine in...

Introduction: Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Neuroprotective strategies were reported to attenuate cognitive deficits after ischemic incidents. Here we studied the neuroprotective potential of chrysin in a rat model of cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion (I/R) in the presence or absence of Estrogen Receptors (ERs). Methods: Adult male Wistar rats w...

long-term exposure to opiates induces physical dependence and tolerance. the main goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of dextromethorphan and midazolam and their combination on morphine tolerance and dependence in mice. different groups of mice were rendered randomly and received morphine (50 mg/kg, sc), morphine (50 mg/kg, sc) + dextromethorphan (25,50 or 75 mg/kg, ip), morphine (50...

Beside its well described role in the central and peripheral nervous system 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), commonly known as serotonin, is also a potent immuno-modulator. Serotoninergic receptors (5-HTR) are expressed by a broad range of inflammatory cell types, including dendritic cells (DCs). In this study, we aimed to further characterize the immuno-biological properties of serotoninergic recep...

Background Atypical antipsychotics have been reported to induce neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS). The precise pathophysiologic mechanism is unknown but dopamine blockage is pivotal. The serotoninergic action of atypical antipsychotics may also been implicated because serotonin may inhibit dopamine release and worsen hypodopaminergic states. Amisulpride, which is a selective D2/D3 receptor a...

Fear can be considered as a functional defense behavior to protect living beings against dangerous situation. In our studies we have investigated the fear behavior in rats in elevated plus maze .The increase in two parameters percent of open arm entries (%OAE) and percent of time spent in the open arms (% OAT) and decrease in the percent of time spent in closed arm (%CAT) was considered as fear...