This case study examines how traditional and Internet news use, as well as face-to-face and online political discussion, contributed to political participation during the period leading up to the Iraq War. A Web-based survey of political dissenters (N=307) conducted at the start of the U.S.-led invasion of Iraq provides the data used to examine the relationships among informational media use, o...

The main objective of this study was to investigate whether the sex ratio at birth (SRB, male proportion) alter in Iraq during its war against Iran (1980-1988). Here we compared 785 births (348 males, 437 females) during 1980-1989 with 1144 births (655 males, 489 females) before 1980 and 2914 births (1496 males, 1418 females) after 1989 in Fallujah, Iraq. The SRB significantly decreased during ...

“US military offi cials are expecting that Iraq will use chemical and biological weapons against US and allied forces in the event of war”, wrote our American correspondent, Michael McCarthy, on Feb 22, 2003. He reported on preparations by US forces, which seem surreal now, to protect troops in Iraq from nerve agents, anthrax, botulinum toxin, and even smallpox. Just a few weeks earlier, 500 pu...

Identifying whether there is a nexus between Iraq and Afghanistan combat injuries and civilian violence on return from deployment is complicated by differences in reactions of individuals to combat exposure, the overlapping effects of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and the low base rate of civilian violence after combat exposure. Moreover, the overall pre...

iea Introduction Concern about war between some Western countries and Iraq has mounted in recent weeks. War with Iraq may have important economic consequences as well as political and security-related consequences. First-order consequences might include increased oil prices and also higher defence expenditure at a time when it appears that tax revenues will be rising much more slowly than gover...

background: the main aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of depression and general anxiety of the prisoners of war (pow) children. the study was also designed to compare the prevalence of depression and general anxiety amongst the pow’s children and normal adults, 20 years after the iraq-iran war.method: an analytic cross-sectional study carried out in june 2009 in yazd (the centre o...

T he United States and its partners are prosecuting a protracted war against insurgents and terrorists who are animated by an ideology stemming from a radical fundamentalist interpretation of Islam. As of early 2006, the American national security bureaucracy began to use the appellation the “long war” in place of the Global War on Terrorism. At least one document describes this long war as the...

economy as a basis of any society has an important function in breaking out, proceeding and termination of deferent wars. this principle is true about iran-iraq war. this essay in addition to explaining important indicators and factors affecting states economy in war period, tries to analyse deferent economies like us, japan, iraq and some others during world war ii. it also considers iran econ...