Does Secular Education Impact Religiosity, Electoral Participation and the Propensity to Vote for Islamic Parties? Evidence from an Education Reform in a Muslim Country Using a unique survey of adults in Turkey, we find that an increase in educational attainment, due to an exogenous secular education reform, decreases women’s propensity to identify themselves as religious, lowers their tendency...

Different nations’ tendency to expand their judicial and legislative territory outside their ruling kingdom has caused conflicts in the criminal qualification and the coming into existence of legal bad effects. Among these bad effects is the double or additional punishment of someone who has been tried and received their penalty in another country before, which is at odds with the principles of...

Both cutaneous and visceral forms of leishmaniasis are prevalent in some parts of the Islamic Republic of Iran [1,2]. The Mediterranean type of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is also reported sporadically throughout the country [3] with canines being the main animal reservoir hosts [4]. The cutaneous form of leishmaniasis is seen in 2 forms: anthroponotic and zoonotic. Anthroponotic cutaneous leis...

Health is a valuable asset which paves the way for the development of personal capabilities and helps the steady development of the society (1). Promoting health is not only a responsibility but also a right and as mentioned by the Iranian constitution and the intra-and inter-department health documents, the government is responsible to guarantee the provision of high quality care to every Iran...

Islamic banks underlie the fundamental principles of the Shari’ah, which encompass all business activities, financial contracts, and transactions. The Shari’ah Supervisory Board (SSB) monitors and certifies compliancy and is unique to the governance structure of Islamic banks compared to their Western counterparts. This study addresses the question of how the compositional characteristics of th...

BACKGROUND The Islamic Republic of Iran, in her 20 year vision by the year 2025, is a developed country with the first economic, scientific and technological status in the region, with revolutionary and Islamic identity, inspiring Islamic world, as well as effective and constructive interaction in international relations. Enjoying health, welfare, food security, social security, equal opportuni...

Islam and Muslims have been in the headlines recently for one reason or another. But the practice of medicine in an Islamic conservative country such as Saudi Arabia has not been adequately reported. Many questions about cultural differences in the practice of medicine have been directed at me by non-Muslim colleagues. Below, I have tried to answer some of them after practising at a university ...

As Syria prepares to enter its seventh year of war, the tide seems to have turned in favour of the Assad regime. Government forces over-ran Aleppo at the end of 2016, assisted by air support from Russia. President Bashar al-Assad has now regained control of all the major population centres in the country, including the four largest cities. As The Lancet Infectious Diseases went to press, a ceas...