This paper investigates the asymmetric effects of monetary policy on economic growth over business cycles in Iran. Estimating the models using the Hamilton (1989) Markov-switching model and by employing the data for 1960-2012, the results well identify two regimes characterized as expansion and recession. Moreover, the results show that an expansionary monetary policy has a positive and statist...

We study the cyclical behavior of fiscal policy to explain why some countries exhibit pro-cyclical fiscal policy stances–being expansionary in good times and contractionary in bad times. We develop a model that links the polarization of preferences over fiscal spending to the pro-cyclicality bias. We then present evidence that social polarization as measured by income inequality and educational...

abstract this study uses annual data over the period 2005-2014 and the panel vecm approach to examine financial inclusion and monetary policy effectiveness in africa. the study shows that financial inclusion and monetary policy effectiveness are linked by a set of long-run relationships. policy reaction to the positive financial inclusion shock is not significant. policy reaction to the positiv...

We study interactions between monetary policy, which sets nominal interest rates, and …scal policy, which levies distortionary income taxes to …nance public goods, in a standard, stickyprice economy with monopolistic competition. Policymakers’inability to commit in advance to future policies gives rise to excessive in‡ation and excessive public spending, resulting in welfare losses equivalent t...

Testing cyclicality of fiscal policy is pertinent in any country to observe its type with the business cycle. In oil abundant economy, price and trade openness may also play a role determining cyclicality. This research probes economic growth, openness, on government consumption growth verify Saudi Arabia from 1971 2018. The cointegration test Pesaran (2001) utilized hypothesis augmented critic...

The federal funds rate has been stuck at the zero bound for over two years and the Fed has turned to unconventional monetary policies, such as large scale asset purchases to provide stimulus to the economy. This paper uses a structural VAR with daily data to identify the e¤ects of monetary policy shocks on various longer-term interest rates during this period. The VAR is identi…ed using the ass...