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The science of medical genetics is progressing rapidly. The practical importance of this pro­gress should be considered by medical doctors. Both genetic and environmental factors are involved in the abnormail phenotypes considered diseases. The relative significance of the two factors varies from disease to disease. All di­seases can be viewed as falling on a spectrum in this regard. Hereditary...

optic neuritis occurs in young patients, most often females, and presents as subacute monocular visual loss. periocular pain, particularly with eye movement occurs in the majority of cases. the retrobulbar form occurs in 65% of cases and is associated with normal optic disc appearance at onset. the central visual field is usually affected and an rapd and dyschromatopsia are present. brain magne...

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is the main diagnostic tool when it comes to prostate cancer but it possesses serious limitations. Therefore, there is an urgent need for more sensitive and specific biomarkers for prostate cancer prognosis and patient follow-up. Recent advances led to the discovery of many novel diagnostic/prognostic techniques and provided us with many worthwhile candidates. Th...

procalcitonin is widely used as a biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis for sepsis and infection as well as monitoring the response to antibiotic therapy. in this study we systematically reviewed the value of procalcitonin in diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis in patients with sepsis or infection.

purpose: to assess the relationship between the severity of coronary arteries involvement and the extent and pattern of myocardial scars in cardiac magnetic resonance of patients with history of remote myocardial infarction. materials and methods: the cardiac magnetic resonance images of sixty patients with history of remote st segment or non-st segment elevation myocardial infarction were revi...

A total 119 physicians were interviewed to examine whether the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer should be communicated to terminally ill cancer patients. 53(44.5℅) of the physicians were not involved in the management of the patients who had recently died of cancer. 56(84℅) of the physicians who had patients didn't discuss the diagnosis and 62(93.9℅) the prognosis with their patients who had r...