the purpose of the present study was to determine gender differences in the language development and skills of first grade students of primary schools in marivan-iran. to do this, 260 first grade students (140 males and 120 females) were chosen by multi stage cluster sampling and stratified random sampling methods among the first grade students in elementary schools in the 2011-2012 academic ye...

In the context of information retrieval, traditional collection selection algorithms have been widely studied. These algorithms utilize language models, a representation of the contents of each text collection over which selection is to be performed, but these language models cannot always be easily acquired. Query-based sampling is a technique by which these language models are discovered by i...

In Sign Language recognition, one of the problems is to collect enough data. Data collection for both training and testing is a laborious but necessary step. Almost all of the statistical methods used in Sign Language Recognition suffer from this problem. Inspired by the crossover and mutation of genetic algorithms, this paper presents a method to enlarge Chinese Sign language database through ...

We show how rapidly changing textual streams such as Twitter can be modelled in fixed space. Our approach is based upon a randomised algorithm called Exponential Reservoir Sampling, unexplored by this community until now. Using language models over Twitter and Newswire as a testbed, our experimental results based on perplexity support the intuition that recently observed data generally outweigh...

Abstract Existing sampling methods in language typology strive to control for areal biases typological datasets as a means avoid contact effects the distribution of linguistic structure. However, none these provide ways directly compare scenarios from perspective. This paper addresses this gap by introducing procedure worldwide comparisons scenarios. The unit consists sets three languages. Focu...

This study attempted to investigate the relationship among learning strategy, autonomy and language proficiency of Chinese university EFL students. To achieve this objective, purposive sampling and cluster sampling methods were used to select 422 non-English major students as participants in three universities, Henan province, China. Oxford’s (1990) Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (SIL...

This study attempted to investigate the relationship among learning strategy, autonomy and language proficiency of Chinese university EFL students. To achieve this objective, purposive sampling and cluster sampling methods were used to select 422 non-English major students as participants in three universities, Henan province, China. Oxford’s (1990) Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (SIL...