introduction: previous studies have shown that stimulation of lateral hypothalamus (lh) produces antinociception. orexin-a (oxa) receptor is strongly expressed in the nucleus locus coeruleus (lc) and orexinergic fibers densely project from lh to lc. in this study, we assessed the role of lc and its oxa receptors in antinociceptive response induced by lh chemical stimulation in the rat. methods:...

brain areas implicated in the stress response include the amygdala, hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. neonatal stimulation of an animal by handling or by enhanced maternal care induces at adult age a decrease of the hypothalamo-pituitary adrenal (hpa) response to stressors, a decrease of anxiety in a novel environment, and neuroanatomical changes. in this present study we demonstrated that mat...

Introduction: Barrel cortex of rodents is responsible for sensory information processing from muzzle whiskers. Locus coeruleus (LC) as the main source of norepinephrine (NE) in the cortex, is effective on the sensory information processing. Methods: Rats were divided to 2 groups. One group underwent sensory deprivation (P4) and the other group served as control and did not undergo sensory d...

The present study tested the hypothesis that the suppressive effects of ethanol upon predatory attack behaviour in the cat involve a pathway from the medial amygdala to the lateral hypothalamus, and that these suppressive effects are mediated by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABAA) receptors located in the lateral hypothalamus. Cannula electrodes were implanted into the lateral hypothalamus for elic...

Introduction: Previous studies have shown that stimulation of lateral hypothalamus (LH) produces antinociception. Orexin-A (OXA) receptor is strongly expressed in the nucleus locus coeruleus (LC) and orexinergic fibers densely project from LH to LC. In this study, we assessed the role of LC and its OXA receptors in antinociceptive response induced by LH chemical stimulation in the rat. Meth...

Neuronal activity related to brain-stimulation reward and to feeding was analyzed in rhesus monkeys and squirrel monkeys as follows. First, self-stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus, orbitofrontal cortex, amygdala and nucleus accumbens was found. Second, a population of single neurones in the lateral hypothalamus was found to be trans-synaptically activated from one or several self-stimulati...

The midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG) is involved in many basic survival behaviors that affect respiration. We hypothesized that the PAG promotes these behaviors by changing the firing of preinspiratory (pre-I) neurons in the pre-Bötzinger complex, a cell group thought to be important in generating respiratory rhythm. We tested this hypothesis by recording single unit activity of pre-Bötzinger...

To better understand pharyngeal airway mechanics as it relates to the pathogenesis and treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea, we have developed a novel application of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with non-invasive tissue tagging to measure pharyngeal wall tissue motion during active dilatation of the airway. Eleven anaesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats were surgically prepared with platinum ele...