The need for more energy-efficient solid-state switches beyond complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) transistors has become a major concern as the power consumption of electronic integrated circuits (ICs) steadily increases with technology scaling. Nano-Electro-Mechanical (NEM) relays control current flow by nanometer-scale motion to make or break physical contact between electrodes, a...

in this paper, design and application of a new digital protective relay based on fuzzy logicand value estimation to a radial power system protection was presented. a novel approach based onvalue estimation was investigated for the proposed fuzzy logic based protective relay. in addition to thetheoretical aspect of fuzzy logic, mathematical definition of value estimation, detection andmeasuremen...

Nano-electro-mechanical(NEM) relay technology has been proposed efficiently for ultra-lowpower digital integrated circuit applications [1], [2]. This is because the relay is an ideal switch, and that it exhibits abrupt on/off switching behavior and zero offstate leakage current (IOFF), so that its operating voltage (VDD) can be reduced to be close to zero, in principle. Hence, NEM relay technol...

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One of the important factors influencing outdoor insulators performance is pollution phenomenon. The pollution, especially during humidity condition, reduces superficial resistance of insulator and lead to a flow of Leakage Currents (LC) on the insulator surface, which may result in total flashover. The LC characteristics are affected by parameters such as nature and severity of pollution. Loca...

this paper is concerned with development of a technique for performance prediction of current transformers (ct), accurately. in this technique, a new optimized model from view-point of both computation time and memory is introduced in order to simulate the current transformers on digital computers. the introduced software in this paper in combination with relay tester equipments can be used ins...

In this paper, we analyze the four-node relay wiretap channel, where the relay performs amplify-and-forward. There is no direct link between transmitter and receiver available. The transmitter has multiple antennas, which assist in securing the transmission over both phases. In case of full channel state information (CSI), the transmitter can apply information leakage neutralization in order to...