engineering – procurement and construction (epc) contract is one of the current contracts in the today world. when governmental sector trends to use the expertise of domestic or foreign private in engineering and construction of infrastructural projects, finds epc contract as a suitable legal frame. in this article, we have tried to discuss about the most important legal aspects of this kind of...

Legally binding elections require retention of specified election data such as balloting material. This applies to paper-based as well as electronic elections. However, in Germany legal requirements on retention in e-voting have not been issued so far. Based on the German legal framework for governmental as well as non-governmental paper-based elections, we give recommendations on long-term ret...

governmental contracts have an important place in the financial and economic system.because the transfer of funds generally is done by contracts. in other hand because of governmental economic system in our country and concentration of capital in this section, the governmental contracts has greater importance.therefore the special monitoring on various stages of contract from foundation to impl...

the development of effective organizations for service provision and responding to the demands of the citizens in a rapid, easy and suitable fashion has been considered by officials of the public sector in recent years in many countries worldwide. the realization of the importance, application and also the role that itc can play toward promotion of accountability in the public sector, has cause...

The adoption of high impact governmental e-services is not obvious. Especially small and medium sized companies hesitate to invest and adopt. Non-adoption endangers the realization of the 25% reduction objective within the EU’s Lisbon Agenda of the administrative burden of businesses by 2012. On the other hand governmental organisations gain from the use of these eservices. In several cases thi...

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Electronic services have become a critical force in service oriented economies introducing new paradigms like connected governance, ubiquitous and ambient public services, knowledge-based administration, and participatory budgeting. The success of e-Government integration requires the modernization of current governmental processes and services under three different perspectiv...