In a hospitalist system, when a patient leaves the hospital, he or she will return to a primary care provider (PCP) for follow-up and continuing care. The hand-off after discharge can compromise communication with the PCP. Physicians have a legal duty to provide follow-up care to patients with whom they have a relationship. The obligation to provide follow-up care endures even when the patient ...

We study antitrust enforcement that channels price-fixing incentives through setting fines and allocating resources to detection activities. Antitrust fines obey four legal principles: punishments should fit the crime, proportionality, bankruptcy considerations, and minimum fines. Bankruptcy considerations limit maximum fines, ensure abnormal cartel profits and impose a challenge for optimal an...

Background: Islam as a comprehensive religion rooted in human nature and revealed in order to respond to basic human needs has broadened the ethics of its criminal policy to include crime, crime and punishment. In keeping with each other and with the other rules of this religion, it has set guidelines and values ​​based on ethics and principles for avoiding crime in the community if the Prophet...

the idea of supervising  the conformity of statutory law with constitutional law, is due to necessities rooted in two essential principles: the supremacy of constitution and the hierarchy of the law. constitution as the supreme law in the sense of status and legal value , is placed at the top of the legal pyramid of every political system and therefore requires a special organization and discip...

fundamentals of legal rule is one of the major discourses of the philosophy of law, which has led to the formation of numerous intellectual schools in this field. the main query of the present research is that whether the two schools of “natural law” and “legal positivism” can interact with each other. is the combination of “value” and “reality” possible in a legal system? what is the status of...