An agreement between a user and also the owner of a software program known as software license that allows a user to try to certain things that will somewhat be an infringement of copyright law. Typically, a software license agreement is based on set of rules that a user has to comply with while using the software. Sometimes, the price of the software and licensing fees is usually described els...

On June 28 th 2005, an agreement was reached amongst the ITER parties on the selection of the European Site of Cadarache in France. As consequence, the ITER generic site safety assessment had to be adapted to the French requirements in order to initiate the licensing process. It is precisely in this point that Europe has been working through the European ITER Site Studies programme. The main ob...

When infringement of a patent dissipates profit relative to the licensing agreement that would otherwise occur, damages under the lost-profit rule deter infringement, and otherwise not. We develop this point in a general model and give two examples. However, joint profit might not be dissipated by infringement. An important example is where there are restrictions on licensing that arise from co...

I propose an analysis of the inflectional system of clauses that captures both crosslinguistic variation and differences between adult speakers and young children learning a given language. The phenomena of interest fall into two classes: 1) case marking and subject-predicate agreement; and 2) tense marking and the licensing of overt and null subjects. The major goals are • to motivate the comp...

Replication licensing factor (RLF) is a multiprotein complex involved in ensuring that chromosomal DNA replicates only once in a single cell cycle. It comprises two components, termed RLF-M and RLF-B. Purified RLF-M consists of a mixture of complexes containing all six members of the MCM/P1 family of minichromosome maintenance proteins. The precise composition of these different complexes and t...

We study whether licensing agreements can help firms to cut through the patent thicket and to prevent hold-up problems. Using a data set covering the semiconductor industry between 1989 and 1999, descriptive results reveal a puzzling picture: while the number of patents more than doubled over the time period, the number of licensing agreements followed an inverse U-shape. This relationship is s...

The challenge of providing access to high-priced patented medicines is a global problem affecting all countries. A decade and a half ago the use of flexibilities contained in the World Trade Organization Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights, in particular compulsory licensing, was seen as a mechanism to respond to high-price medicines for the treatment of HIV/AIDS ...

This paper develops an argument that agreement (in particular NP-predicate agreement) is a morphological and not a syntactic phenomenon. Narrowly, I argue against the proposition that the configurational/positional licensing of NPs (what was considered to be the domain of Case Theory in the LGB framework of the 1980s) involves checking/matching/valuing of Φfeatures (person, number, gender) in t...

Replication licensing factor (RLF) is involved in preventing re-replication of chromosomal DNA in a single cell cycle, and previously has been separated into two components termed RLF-M and RLF-B. Here we show that Xenopus RLF-M consists of all six members of the MCM/P1 protein family, XMcm2-XMcm7. The six MCM/P1 polypeptides co-eluted on glycerol gradients and gel filtration as complexes with ...

In a patent thicket licensing provides a mechanism to either avoid or resolve hold-up. Firms’ R&D incentives will differ depending on how licensing is used. In this paper we study the choice between ex ante licensing to avoid hold-up and ex post licensing to resolve it. Building on a theoretical model of a patent portfolio race, firms’ choices of licensing contracts are modelled. We derive seve...