there are many agreements for transferring technology, but license agreement is the most important agreement in this regard. according to the mentioned agreement, the owner of patent or technology as licensor grants the license to licensee in specific duration and in a given territory. exclusive rights of licensor and the objectives of competition law, including the welfare of consumers or prev...

We consider a model of licensing of a non-drastic innovation in which the patent holder (an outside innovator) negotiates either up-front fixed fees or per-unit royalties with two firms producing horizontally differentiated brands and competing à la Cournot. We investigate how licensing schemes (fixed fee or per-unit royalty) and the number of licenses sold (exclusive licensing or complete tech...

Background National licensing examinations (NLEs) are large-scale examinations usually taken by medical doctors close to the point of graduation from medical school. Where NLEs are used, success is usually required to obtain a license for full practice. Approaches to national licensing, and the evidence that supports their use, varies significantly across the globe. This paper aims to develop a...

Intellectual property licensing is becoming an increasingly important economic activity, and licensing practices pose ever more complex antitrust issues. This note discusses Richard Gilbert and Carl Shapiro’s paper on the subject. First, I consider which aspects of contractual penalty clauses -the subject of much of their paper -are most likely to cause welfare losses. Second, I explain why cer...

Objectives. How to best structure an IP licensing agreement taking account of embedded optionalities and other terms negotiated between licensor and licensee via a case study involving a prototypical options-based business model (biotech industry). Methodology. Binomial lattice simulation. Findings. It shows how IP management practices would change depending on who pays for the development cost...

The article is dedicated to the issues of intellectual property management in strategic partnerships enterprises. Intellectual type partner contributions partnership, but important question its appropriate use and protection. In case joint technologies technological transfer companies licensing, which allows realize interests partnership’s participants aim their goals efficient way. Licensing r...

Abstract This paper investigates the deontic modal sai2 in Cantonese. I argue that is an NPI and a negative operator induced at sentence-initial position by SFPs me1 or aa4 rhetorical questions. In SAI sentence, must syntactically agree with for licensing, minimality locality effects are found such agreement. study may provide evidence of syntactic approach to licensing

This paper considers the impact of the intellectual property (IP) system on the timing of cooperation/licensing by start-up technology entrepreneurs. If the market for technology licenses is efficient, the timing of licensing is independent of the patent grant date, and productive efficiency considerations will result in licensing as early as possible after invention. In contrast, the need for ...