Lipoic acid is a sulfur-containing cofactor required for the function of several multienzyme complexes involved in the oxidative decarboxylation of alpha-keto acids and glycine. Mechanistic details of lipoic acid metabolism are unclear in eukaryotes, despite two well defined pathways for synthesis and covalent attachment of lipoic acid in prokaryotes. We report here the involvement of four gene...

conclusions results of this study could be used to find suitable targets for inverse metabolic engineering and site-directed mutagenesis to achieve stable and high-level extracellular lipase production in y. lipolytica and other yeasts. results two nucleotide substitutions were found in the extracellular lipase lip2 orfs of y. lipolytica u6 mutant strain compared to the wild-type strain. in thi...

The oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica efficiently metabolizes hydrophobic substrates such as alkanes, fatty acids or triacylglycerol. This yeast has been identified in oil-polluted water and in lipid-rich food. The enzymes involved in lipid breakdown, for use as a carbon source, are known, but the molecular mechanisms controlling the expression of the genes encoding these enzymes are still p...

In the last decade, formal methods have proved their interest when analyzing security protocols. Security protocols require in particular to reason about the attacker knowledge. Two standard notions are often considered in formal approaches: deducibility and indistinguishability relations. The first notion states whether an attacker can learn the value of a secret, while the latter states wheth...

This study aims to investigate the quality difference of short echo time (TE) breathhold 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) of the liver at 3.0T using the body and phased array coils, respectively. In total, 20 pairs of single-voxel proton spectra of the liver were acquired at 3.0T using the phased array and body coils as receivers. Consecutive stacks of breathhold spectra were acquired u...

Yarrowia lipolytica lipase Lip2 (YlLip2) is a highly versatile biocatalyst. However, its practical use is often hampered by its low stability. Here three complementary protein engineering strategies were used to improve the thermostability of this enzyme. The first strategy was error-prone PCR based directed evolution, which resulted in a YlLip2 variant with a 2.5-fold longer half-life of therm...