the factor structure of the listening section of a persian language proficiency test (plpt), developed and used for academic purposes, was examined in this study. a structural equation modeling (sem) was employed using amos (v. 18) to analyze the responses of a number of persian language learners (n=120) who participated in the first piloting phase of the test in 2014. to examine whether the li...

although decisions or inferences we make based on test scores depend both on characteristics of test-takers and of testing sit- uations, there is just little research which has been undertaken on the effects of these characteristics on test performance (e.g., in’nami, 2006). the effect of listening strategies on listening performance is also unde- niable (vandergrift, 1997). thus, considering t...

Learning  a  foreign  language  has  been  related  with  some  kind  of  knowledge  of  language learning strategies on the one hand, and some level of (test-taking) apprehension or tension on the other although a small amount of anxiety is normally expected as a natural warning symptom.  The  current  study  aimed  at  investigating  the  relationship  between  listening strategy  use,  test ...

abstractlistening plays a significant role in daily communication and educational processes. in spite of its importance, listening has long been the neglected skill in second and foreign language acquisition, research, teaching, and assessment. however, on account of the entire challenges efl learners encounter in classrooms due to the listening complexity, some pre-listening activities as supp...

The present study investigated test-taking motivation in L2 listening testing context by applying Expectancy-Value Theory as the framework. Specifically, this study was intended to examine the complex relationships among expectancy, importance, interest, listening anxiety, listening metacognitive awareness, and listening test score using data from a large-scale and high-stakes language test amo...

introduction: emotional words in comparison with neutral words have different hemispheric specialization. it is assumed that the right hemisphere has a role in processing every kind of emotional word. the objective of the present study was the development of a persian version of the dichotic emotional word test and evaluate its validation among adult persian speakers.   materials and methods: t...

background and aim: aging is associated with reduced cognitive abilities including attention and memory. there is some evidence that shows randomized dichotic digits test (rddt) has enough difficulty to show the ear asymmetry in dichotic listening. this study aimed to compare the effect of free and focused attention on dichotic listening ability of young and elderly listeners. methods: the cros...

listening skill and speaking skill, according language didactics, have close interaction in lingual communications. therefore, measuring listening comprehension without considering other language skills seems to be difficult. the present study is an effort to compare the effectiveness of oral and written multiple-choice listening tests for persian language learners. in fact, this study answers ...