Labeling of viruses can be used to reveal viral infection pathways and screen potential anti-viral drugs. Complex procedures, including virus cultivation, purification and labeling are involved in traditional virus labeling methods. And the manipulation of living virus brings risk to researcher health. In this work, we report a general method for site-specific labeling of the envelope virus in ...

This work reviews the effect of parametric programming on visual performance, daylighting and shading in office buildings in Tehran-Iran and studies their influences that help not only to reduce the glare but also to promote useful daylight illuminance through promoting visual comfort. It starts by establishing a review of the effective parameters on visual comfort indices, glare indices, and d...

We describe for the first time the combination between cross-pair correlation function analysis (pair correlation analysis or pCF) and stimulated emission depletion (STED) to obtain diffusion maps at spatial resolution below the optical diffraction limit (super-resolution). Our approach was tested in systems characterized by high and low signal to noise ratio, i.e. Capsid Like Particles (CLPs) ...

The barrier to water loss from the skin of birds and mammals is localized in the stratum corneum (SC), the outer layer of the epidermis. The SC consists of corneocytes, each surrounded by a protein envelope, and a lipid compartment, formed by an extracellular matrix of lipids and by lipids covalently bound to the protein envelope. In mammals, covalently bound lipids in the SC consist of omega-h...

The nuclear envelope of metazoans disassembles during mitosis and reforms in late anaphase after sister chromatids have well separated. The coordination of these mitotic events is important for genome stability, yet the temporal control of nuclear envelope reassembly is unknown. Although the steps of nuclear formation have been extensively studied in vitro using the reconstitution system from e...

Performance characteristic of an Unmanned Air Vehicle (UAV) is investigated using a newly developed heuristic approach. Almost all flight phases of any air vehicle can be categorized into trim and maneuvering flights. In this paper, a new envelope called trim-ability envelope, is introduced and sketched within the conventional flight envelope for a small UAV. Optimal maneuverability of the inte...

Frankia vesicles are differentiated during nitrogen starvation; they contain nitrogenase whether produced by free-living frankiae or by frankiae in actinorhizal root nodules. Vesicles are surrounded by envelopes of several monolayers of uncharacterized lipid. It has been suggested that the envelope limits diffusion of O2 into the vesicle cytoplasm, thereby preventing inactivation of nitrogenase...

due to the important role of subsurface drainage in managing the ground water level, there are many researches focused on finding a new and more economic way to develop subsurface drainage technologies. lack of proper drainage system in northern iran has caused huge implantation of rice and it is impossible to have second implantation in this region. one reason of insufficiency of current drain...