background: the aim of this study was to estimate the conversion rate from radiologically isolated syndrome (ris) to definite multiple sclerosis (ms). methods: during a mean (standard deviation [sd]) follow-up period of 17.4 (5.4) (range 8-29) months, 25 subjects with ris and without neurological symptom aged 22-45 year from a single-center have been examined for the occurrence of definite ms. ...

background: adolescent tobacco use remains a major public health priority to reduce the prevalence of tobacco use in community. the aim of this study was determining the association of the transitions in smoking stages with prevalence of cigarette smoking in the classes and schools in adolescents of tabriz city (northwest of iran). methods: fifty-six high schools were randomly selected, and 490...

background physical activity (pa) patterns during pregnancy have not been explored in depth and most previous studies lack assessment of variables such as type, frequency, duration and intensity of activity. objectives this study had two goals: 1) to analyze pa patterns during pregnancy according to weekly time spent on different types of activity; and 2) to determine women’s perception about h...

methodsusing time series data of national level (1967 to 2012 years), we explored the association between total fertility rate, gdp per capita, number of physician per 1000 populations, female labor force participation rate, percentage of people living in rural regions and mean years schooling for each people with infant mortality rate of iran. these data were obtained from central bank of isla...

This  study  examined  the  effects  of  individual  difference  (ID)  factors  on  changing  pragmatic abilities  among  L2  learners  of  English.  Participants  were  48  Japanese  EFL  students  in  an English-medium  university  in  Japan.  They  completed  a  pragmatic  speaking  test  (k=12)  that assessed  their  ability  to  produce  two  speech  acts:  requests  and  opinions,  in  hi...

each semester, students are asked to evaluate the academic staff through an online questionnaire. generalized estimating equations model (gee), taking into account the correlation between scores, is the established tool to analyze longitudinal data. the aim of this manuscript is to identify characteristics that influence staff score and to address the importance of selection of appropriate corr...

MethodsUsing time series data of national level (1967 to 2012 years), we explored the association between total fertility rate, GDP per capita, number of physician per 1000 populations, female labor force participation rate, percentage of people living in rural regions and mean years schooling for each people with infant mortality rate of Iran. These data were obtained from Central Bank of Isla...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the prospective associations between dietary patterns in childhood and CVD risk in adolescence. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. Exposures were dietary patterns at age 7, 10 and 13 years derived by cluster analysis. Outcomes were physiological and biochemical cardiovascular risk markers. SETTING Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), UK. SUBJECT...