dans cet article, nous envisageons d’étudier la métamorphose des qualités romantiques à travers la confession d''un enfant du siècle d’alfred de musset. ce roman s''appuie sur la représentation de thèmes romantiques et témoigne de l''influence de l''univers romantique sur la génération du xixe siècle. il constitue en réalité une copie de l''aventure vénitienne qui devient le symbole littéraire ...

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are important pathogen-associated molecular pattern recognition receptors involved in initiating immune responses. The adaptor protein MyD88 adaptor-like (Mal), involved in signaling downstream of TLRs, plays a crucial role in mediating NF-κB activation. The association of Mal polymorphisms with allergic diseases has not previously been defined. The objective of this ...

Actin, which is best known as a cytoskeletal component, also participates in the control of gene expression. We report a function of nuclear actin in the regulation of MAL, a coactivator of the transcription factor serum response factor (SRF). MAL, which binds monomeric actin, is cytoplasmic in many cells but accumulates in the nucleus upon serum-induced actin polymerization. MAL rapidly shuttl...

The coordination of cytoskeletal actin dynamics with gene expression reprogramming is emerging as a crucial mechanism to control diverse cellular processes, including cell migration, differentiation and neuronal circuit assembly. The actin-binding transcriptional coactivator MAL (also known as MRTF-A/MKL1/BSAC) senses G-actin concentration and transduces Rho GTPase signals to serum response fac...

Transcription of the Saccharomyces MAL structural genes is induced 40-fold by maltose and requires the MAL-activator and maltose permease. To identify additional players involved in regulating MAL gene expression, we carried out a genetic selection for MAL constitutive mutants. Strain CMY4000 containing MAL1 and integrated copies of MAL61promoter-HIS3 and MAL61promoter-lacZ reporter genes was u...

The MAL proteolipid is a nonglycosylated integral membrane protein found in glycolipid-enriched membrane microdomains. In polarized epithelial Madin-Darby canine kidney cells, MAL is necessary for normal apical transport and accurate sorting of the influenza virus hemagglutinin. MAL is thus part of the integral machinery for glycolipid-enriched membrane-mediated apical transport. At steady stat...

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are involved in the regulation of transcription and their inhibitors are a promising class of new anticancer drugs. We have previously reported Boc(Ac)Lys-AMC, also termed MAL, as a fluorescent substrate for HDACs. Now we present a modification of MAL called Z-MAL that is characterized by an increased rate of conversion by histone deacetylases of classes I and II an...

Clostridium perfringens ε-toxin (ETX) is a potent pore-forming toxin responsible for a central nervous system (CNS) disease in ruminant animals with characteristics of blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction and white matter injury. ETX has been proposed as a potential causative agent for Multiple Sclerosis (MS), a human disease that begins with BBB breakdown and injury to myelin forming cells of...

BACKGROUND Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been shown to be an effective alternative for acne. However, there is little information comparing the efficacy of red light alone and methyl aminolaevulinate (MAL)-PDT. AIMS To compare the efficacy and tolerability of red light alone and MAL-PDT in patients with mild to moderate facial acne. METHODS Thirty six patients with mild to moderate acne we...