Purpose This study aims to examine the relationships between power, relationship commitment and customer integration by replicating extending Zhao et al. (2008) in China USA. Design/methodology/approach collects data from 210 manufacturers 202 In this study, structural equation modelling is used analyse data. Findings finds that normative positively associated with expert referent power are Rew...

This paper studies the impact of gender on frequency of use of influence strategies, amount of power and authoritarianism, using a sample of 109 managers from two organizations in India. Seven downward influence strategies (assertiveness, bargaining, coalition, friendliness, higher authority, reason, and sanctions) and five power bases (reward, referent, legitimate, expert, and coercive) were i...

Organizational positions force managers to display certain behaviors. Because human behavior is shaped by complex psychological, biological, social and economic variables, must be aware of the issues mentioned use sources power that create a sense commitment in employees able change employees’ behaviors according requirements organization. In this descriptive study, relationship between five ma...

For pension schemes, mutual funds, banks and other financial intermediaries, large portfolio decisions are increasingly delegated to fund managers. Recently, there has been growing concern that these managers seem to adopt extremely similar investment strategies. One possible explanation for this phenomenon may be found in reward schemes based on relative performance. We show how relative perfo...

Tipping is a widespread custom in which service patrons give sums of money above and beyond the contracted prices of those services to the workers who have served them. This study found that, tipping is more prevalent in countries characterized by strong needs for achievement and power than in countries where these needs are weaker. One simple and plausible explanation for these results is that...

The relation of the core components of the Effort–Reward Imbalance model (ERI; Siegrist, 1996) to goal pursuit was investigated. Goal pursuit was studied through categories of goal contents – competency, progression, well-being, job change, job security, organization, finance, or no work goal – based on the personal work goals of managers (Hyvönen, Feldt, Salmela-Aro, Kinnunen, & Mäkikangas, 20...

this study was aimed at investigating the impact of organizational factors, leadership style, reward system and job design on psychological empowerment and its dimensions. this study was also aimed at measuring the level of employees' psychological empowerment. applied research method was survey-correlation using questionnaire as the measurement tool. statistical population included all em...