A median cleft lip is a rare central midline deficiency of the upper lip. Multiple surgical techniques are described in the literature to address this defect, though there is little consensus on the preferred surgical technique. We describe an intra-oral approach for repair of the median upper lip cleft using mucosal Z-plasty. This technique provides excellent access to the attenuated orbicular...

Captive and wild African elephants frequently suffer tusk fractures. Several institutions shorten the tusks of captive elephants to reduce fractures and injury as a result of behaviour within enclosures. Fracturing or coronal amputations that expose pulp lead to pain for the elephant. Estimating coronal pulp lengths may thus help to minimise the risk of pulp exposure during amputations. We aime...

Spatial downsampling layers are favored in convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to downscale feature maps for larger receptive fields and less memory consumption. However, visual recognition tasks, these might lose discriminative details due improper pooling strategies. In this paper, we present a unified framework (LAN) over the common (e.g., average pooling, max strided convolution) from view...

Objective Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common malignancy on lower lip. Surgical excision, standard treatment for SCC, requires full-thickness excision. However, no consensus exists about appropriate surgical margin. Therefore, we investigated margin and excision technique by analyzing 23 years of experience with lower-lip SCC. Methods We reviewed 44 patients SCC who underwent surge...

Paraqianlabeo, new genus, is described from the Chishui-He and Wu-Jiang rivers of the Yangtze River basin in Guizhou Province, South China. This new genus is distinguished from all other labeonine genera by a combination of morphological and molecular evidence. It is distinguished from all other Asian garrains by a unique oromandibular morphology; i.e., an arched, wide, rudimentary sucker forme...

Surgical treatment of unilateral cleft lip is a difficult procedure, partly because many anatomical variants exist. The has no excess tissue; hence, tissue from the side cannot reach normal side, even if all white preserved. Therefore, basic concept necessary to perform surgery according patient's diversity. Herein, we describe essential concepts surgery. Specifically, surgeon can insert Millar...

The origin of the Cambrian?Ordovician tectono-magmatic events affecting NE Gondwana and adjacent peri-Gondwanan terranes (e.g., Himalaya, Lhasa, Southern Qiangtang, Baoshan, Tengchong, Sibumasu, Helmand, Karakorum) is controversial. Although its volume poorly constrained, we propose that an extensive belt granitic rocks formed in various pulses between ca. 510 Ma 460 may represent remains a pot...