In this paper, the one-dimensional Gray–Markel lattice-ladder discrete filter structure is extended to two dimensions (2D). The proposed 2D circuit implementation has minimal number of unit delays. Based on this circuit implementation the corresponding 2D state space realization is derived. The matrices A, b, c and the scalar d of the 2D state space model are presented in generalized closed for...

The main message of this paper is that refraction of a narrow collimated beam at a negative angle into strongly anisotropic non-magnetic crystals—a phenomenon which was observed in a number of experiments—should not be confused with negative refraction and lacks important physical characteristics of the latter. In particular, it is shown that there is no contradiction between the theory previou...

The species name for the plum used in this study and listed in the title should be Prunus salicina and not Prunus domestica. The correct title is: Carbohydrate-Free Peach (Prunus persica) and Plum (Prunus salicina) Juice Affects Fecal Microbial Ecology in an Obese Animal Model. The correct citation is: Noratto GD, Garcia-Mazcorro JF, Markel M, Martino HS, Minamoto Y, et al. (2014) CarbohydrateF...

C. W. Barnes, “Roundoff noise and overflow in normal digital filters,” IEEE Tram. Circuits Syst., vol. CAS-26, pp. 154159, Mar. 19’79. W. L. Mills, C. T. Mullis, and R. A.-Roberts, “Normal realizations of IIR digital filters,” in 1979 IEEE Int. Qnf. Acoustics, Speec,h, Signal Processing Rec., pp. 340-343, Apr. 1979. M. Atjmattd and R. A. Roberts, “Reduced multiplier, low roundoff noise digital ...

In this Comment, we argue that the criticism of our previous paper, which was recently articulated by Hadad and Steinberg, is unwarranted. Comments Markel, V. A. & Sarychev, A. K. (2012). Comment on “Green’s function theory for infinite and semi-infinite particle chains”. Physical Review B 86(1), 037401. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.86.037401 ©2012 American Physical Society This journal article is ava...

An examination of State of Connecticut v. Julie Amero provides insight into how a general lack of understanding of digital evidence can cause an innocent defendant to be wrongfully convicted. By contrast, the 101-page opinion in Lorraine v. Markel American Insurance Co. provides legal precedence and a detailed consideration for the admission of digital evidence. An analysis of both cases leads ...

2-D denominator-separable digital filters represent an important subclass of 2-D recursive W t a l filters. Various implementations have been suggested. In this paper, to derive new realizations the fact is used that, different from the case of a general 2-D digital filter, a denominator-separable filter can be developed as an orthonormal expansion. The orthonormal basis has been chosen such th...

Seueral techniquesare available for implementingascalardigitaffilter using lattice and ladder structures which are known to yield low noise realizations. Ofthese, the lattice and ladder structures proposed by Gray and Markel have the advantage of being interimlly scaled Block implementation of a scalar digitalfilteroflers a number of advantages. Inthis pnpet, new algorithms to realize block dig...