During manufacture of wire bonding in packaged IC products, the breaking of bond wires and the peeling of bond pads occur frequently. The result is open-circuit failure in IC products. There were several prior methods reported to overcome these problems by using additional process flows or special materials. In this paper, a layout method is proposed to improve the bond wire reliability in gene...

Primary afferent depolarizations (PADs) are associated with presynaptic inhibition in both vertebrates and invertebrates. In the present study, we have used both anatomical and electrophysiological techniques to analyze the relative importance of shunting mechanisms versus sodium channel inactivation in mediating the decrease of action potential amplitude, and thereby presynaptic inhibition. Ex...

In a 3D stacked IC, through-silicon vias (TSVs) are utilized to interconnect dies vertically. In one common TSV practice, via-first TSVs directly connect the first metal layer of a die and the top metal layer of the die above it. However, the landing pads on the first metal layer, due to their large area and presence of features with widely varying sizes, may result in serious topographic error...

For the first time, a complex formed by polyaniline (in its organic metal form) and silver has been deposited on copper in nanoparticulate form. When depositing on Cu pads of printed circuit boards it efficiently protects against oxidation and preserves its solderability. The deposited layer has a thickness of only nominally 50 nm, containing the Organic Metal (conductive polymer), polyaniline,...

The demand for more complex and multifunctional micro systems with enhanced performance characteristics for military applications is driving the electronics industry toward the use of best-of-breed materials and device technologies. Threedimensional (3-D) integration provides a way to build complex microsystems through bonding and interconnection of individually optimized device layers without ...

primary antibody deficiencies (pad) are a group of immune system disorders, associated with decreased levels of secretory and protective immunoglobulins. because of the important role of immunoglobulins in the protection  of oral cavity, patients with pads  are more susceptible to dental caries or oral manifestations. this study was performed  to investigate the oral and dental manifestations o...

Alcohol intake may impair human abilities, degrade human performance, and result in serious diseases. Alcohol sensors are needed to manage the risk and effect of alcohol use to human health and performance. This paper was focused on the theoretical models and design of carbon nanotube based alcohol sensors. The experiments verified that single-walled carbon nanotubes can be used to detect alcoh...

An ultra-low power and variable bandwidth transimpedance amplifier (TIA) for short-range optical interconnects is presented here. The TIA implemented in a 0.13 μm complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology. To reduce the consumption, designed using regulated cascade topology with capacitor degeneration frequency enhancement also operates weak inversion mode. With supply voltage o...

There are marked variations in the activity of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) among adipose depots. The aim of this study was to compare the mechanisms of 24 h of fasting on LPL regulation between epididymal (EPI) adipocytes and mesenteric (MES) adipocytes in rats. 1-Day fasting consistently decreased activities of heparin-releasable LPL, total extractable LPL and cellular LPL markedly in both EPI an...