It has been shown that, at least in certain languages, tense is represented in nominals (Lecarme 1996, 2004). It is therefore important to consider whether the interplay between tense and modality which is commonly found in clauses exists in the nominal domain as well. This article investigates the non-temporal meanings of nominal tenses in Somali, an Afroasiatic language. It explores the condi...

Modal logic is extended by partially ordering the modalities. The modalities are normal, i.e., commute with either conjunctions or disjunctions and preserve either Truth or Falsity (respectively). The partial order does not conflict with type of modality (K, S4, etc.) although this paper will concentrate on S4 since partially ordered S4 systems appear to be numerous. The partially-ordered norma...

the ambient vibration measurement is a kind of output data-only dynamic testing where the traffics and winds are used as agents responsible for natural or environmental excitation. therefore an experimental modal analysis procedure for ambient vibration testing needs to base itself on output-only data. the modal analysis involving output-only measurements present a challenge that requires the u...

This paper proposes that subjunctive in the complement of belief sentences Italian expresses a relation between attitude holder’s beliefs and common ground. In contrast to most other Romance languages, ‘believe’ commonly prescriptively takes Italian, though indicative is found as well, has been observed literature, choice or semantic effects. We show with used when statement describes personal ...

We propose a general and uniform modal framework for the Event Calculus (EC) and its skeptical and credolous variants. The resulting temporal formalism, called the Generalized Modal Event Calculus (GMEC), extends considerably the expressive power of EC when information about the ordering of events is incomplete. It provides means of inquiring about the evolution of the maximal validity interval...

The paper provides a new semantics for positive modal logic using Kripke frames having a quasi ordering ≤ on the set of possible worlds and an accessibility relation R connected to the quasi ordering by the conditions (1) that the composition of ≤ with R is included in the composition of R with ≤ and (2) the analogous for the inverse of ≤ and R. This semantics has an advantage over the one used...

In this paper we present a modal logic for describing properties of terms in the object calculus of Abadi and Cardelli [AC96]. The logic is essentially the modal mu-calculus of [Koz83]. The fragment allows us to express the temporal modalities of the logic CTL [BAMP83]. We investigate the connection between the type system Ob1<:μ and the mu-calculus, providing a translation of types into modal ...