To apply annular output beams emitted from an unstable resonator to a multiple-pass cell (MPC) for Raman conversion, we studied the mode-matching condition of non-Gaussian beams to a MPC using beam propagation analysis based on Laguerre-Gaussian functions. During transits of the MPC, the radial profile of an annular beam changes between annular and Airy patterns. Although such behavior indicate...

In this paper, we present a mode-matching-based formulation for the electromagnetic analysis of multifurcated waveguide problems, that is, junction number input waveguides with an output region larger cross-section area. A generalized scattering matrix (GSM) representation is obtained relating forward and backward modal field amplitudes in each terms coupling integrals representing conservation...

The purpose of this study was to examine whether matching navigation mode of a learning environment with learners’ preferred navigation mode would facilitate their learning in a web environment. Sixty-eight undergraduate students were randomly assigned to treatments (linear vs. nonlinear navigation mode) and received four criterion tests designed to measure different educational objectives imme...