Modernism’s seminal “Make it New” has long acclaimed exceptionalism as part of the artistic movement’s reaction(s) to previous modes thinking, writing and producing art. Indeed, modernism’s wish renew literature, experiment with language construct itself against thinking enabled writers artists rethink artistic, social cultural codes or rules beginning 20th century, either openly, in a more cov...

A passage to India by E.M. Forster is a modern novel written in 1924. It describes the modern movement in that period, so we could say that each movement of the human beings has its own characterizations which recognize it from other periods. Forester’s novel has its own features which recognize it from other ages in English literature. A Passage to India is one of the novels affected by Modern...

The "information" interests of the key figures involved reflected what we might label a modernist European Knowledge Project in that those involved were committed to a modernist belief in rationality, planning, standardization, the value of the scientific method and the inevitability of scientific and social progress as they conceptualized and attempted to solve "information " problems. For a l...

In the course of his short literary life, Liu Na'ou travelled across four geographical areas: Taiwan, Japan, Shanghai and Beijing, as well as five cultural domains: Taiwanese, Japanese, French, English and Chinese. The transnational facet of Liu's modernist writing is not merely literary or cultural but political and historical. The earliest modernist writing in China was initiated on the basis...

When I was first introduced to Abel Gance's La Roue, I was rather interested in the fact that it was released in 1922. I knew that this was also the year that James Joyce's Ulysses and T. S. Eliot's The Waste Land were published. I began to wonder why this year produced such significant works of modernism. I repeatedly asked a professor of mine, Bruce Kawin, a number of questions about 1922. My...

Why did machine-age modernist architecture diffuse to Latin America so quickly after its rise in Continental Europe during the 1910s and 1920s? Why was it a more successful movement in relatively backward Brazil and Mexico than in more affluent and industrialized Argentina? After reviewing the historical development of architectural modernism in these three countries, several explanations are t...