Due to the relatively emerging issue of alternatives to imprisonment, the Iranian judicial system has always faced various legal challenges, as the case may be, in the process of determining or implementing them. Authors with analytical and library method and with the knowledge of the wide range of legal challenges on the subject in terms of aspect and territory, only to a specific aspect an...

Presence of physicians in different fields of the society has always been associated with ethical and legal considerations. Physician participation in legal punishment is one of the areas that are associated with different perspectives. In medical history, physicians and medical professionals have participated in legal punishment in different ways, but they have been directly involved with this...

  Islamic criminal policy has a various kind of punishment that each of them has different logic and purpose.   Hadd punishment is based on the criminal behavior and protect the social values for protect moral and social order. So this type of crimes, because of these are the most sever crimes, are punishable with the most severe punishment. Nevertheless, proof of this crime is too hard. Also, ...

like any other learning activity, translation is a problem solving activity which involves executing parallel cognitive processes. the ability to think about these higher processes, plan, organize, monitor and evaluate the most influential executive cognitive processes is what flavell (1975) called “metacognition” which encompasses raising awareness of mental processes as well as using effectiv...

Abstract Alternatives to prosecution are the third way and middle method between the prosecution and unconditional archiving the case. Objects of punishment, in this method, Will be achieved without prosecution and punishment. Alternatives to prosecution are based on the cognitive school, criminology and practical considerations and In Islamic teachings, there are many cases applying this me...