Intelligent tutoring systems yield data with many properties that render it potentially ideal to examine using multi-level models (MLM). Repeated observations with dependencies may be optimally examined using MLM because it can account for deviations from normality. This paper examines the applicability of MLM to data from the intelligent tutoring system Writing-Pal using intraclass correlation...

In this paper we propose and study a technique to impose structural constraints on the output of a neural network, which can reduce amount of computation and number of parameters besides improving prediction accuracy when the output is known to approximately conform to the low-rankness prior. The technique proceeds by replacing the output layer of neural network with the so-called MLM layers, w...

Understanding how the leaf area density (a(z)) and its depth integrated value, the leaf area index (LAI), modify dry deposition velocities (Vd) of aerosol particles within the canopy sub-layer is needed for progressing on a plethora of aerosol related problems in climate change, air quality, and ecosystem service evaluation. Here, the interplay between a(z) (and LAI) of tall and densely foreste...

Forest height is an essential parameter used to derive important information about forest ecosystems, such as above-ground biomass. In this article, a estimation approach combining P-band and X-band interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) was introduced. The estimated using the difference in penetration of long- short-wavelength radars forest. That is, InSAR data were extract digital t...

Resource allocation approaches play a very important role in improving the performance of a communication system. Load matrix (LM) [3] is a resource allocation approach used in single carrier mobile communication systems in a multi-cell scenario to reduce the interference (both inter-cell and intra –cell) to increase the system throughput decrease the packet delay. In this paper a resource allo...

The paper describes an application of a one class KNN to identify different signal patterns embedded in a noise structured background. The problem becomes harder whenever only one pattern is well-represented in the signal; in such cases, one class classifier techniques are more indicated. The classification phase is applied after a preprocessing phase based on a multi layer model (MLM) that pro...

ABSTRACT The mixed linear model (MLM) is an advanced statistical technique applicable to many fields of science. The multivariate MLM can be used to model longitudinal data, such as repeated ratings of disease resistance taken across time. In this study, using an example data set from a multi-environment trial of northern leaf blight disease on 290 maize lines with diverse levels of resistanc...

The max-log-map (MLM) receiver is an approximated version of the well-known, Bahl-Cocke-Jelinek-Raviv (BCJR) algorithm. The MLM algorithm is attractive due to its implementation simplicity. In practice, sliding-window implementations are preferred; these practical implementations consider truncated signaling neighborhoods around each transmission time instant. In this paper, we consider the bin...