Respiratory muscle dysfunction, particularly of the diaphragm, may play a key role in the pathophysiological mechanisms that lead to difficulty in weaning patients from mechanical ventilation. The limited mobility of critically ill patients, and of the diaphragm in particular when prolonged mechanical ventilation support is required, promotes the early onset of respiratory muscle dysfunction, b...

background: to investigate the prevalence of antibiotic usage in children aged <5 years with acute respiratory tract illness (arti) in iran. materials and methods: data were collected from a national health survey conducted in 2010 (iran’s multiple indicator demographic and health survey). participants of this cross-sectional study were selected by multistage stratifi ed cluster-random sampling...

conclusions to reduce the impacts of particulate matter on health status of people in ilam, necessary training by health systems should be conducted for people, especially those with chronic lung and heart diseases, the elderly and children to reduce their activities on the dusty days. methods pm10 data was taken from the ilam environmental protection agency. the annual morbidity including hosp...

background: national institute of environmental health sciences (niehs) scientists shows that long-term exposure to air pollutants increases the risk of respiratory diseases such as allergies, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lung cancer. children and the elderly are particularly vulnerable to the health effects of ozone, fine particles, and other airborne toxicants. air pollu...

air pollution is a major concern of new civilized world, which has a serious toxicological impact on human health and the environment. it has a number of different emission sources, but motor vehicles and industrial processes contribute the major part of air pollution.according to the world health organization, six major air pollutants include particle pollution, ground?level ozone, carbon mono...

background: the airway surfaces are one of the most common ways of entry of infectious agents. oral cavity associated lymphoid tissues are inductive site of humoral immune responses in inflammatory and infectious disorders of the upper respiratory tract. these lymphoid tissues play important roles in the induction of salivary iga. the impact of upper respiratory tract diseases on salivary iga p...

background: acute respiratory distress (ard) is a critical respiratory failure due to lung injury of neonates leading to the clinical appearance of poor lung compliance. the aimed of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic values in differentiating respiratory from heart diseases with using of n-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide (nt-pro bnp) and atrial natriuretic peptide(anp) in neonates...